IFR FTS I

STAGE I
FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUMENT FLIGHT
Lesson #1. ORIENTATION FLIGHT AND REVIEW OF THE BASICS

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion & Review Steep (Constant Altitude) Turns, MCA, Stalls (VR & IR) and Recoveries from unusual flight attitudes.

________ (2) Airplane Systems Related to IFR Operations, Instrument Cockpit Check

________ (3) Aircraft Flight Instruments And Navigation Equipment

________ (4) Straight And Level Flight

________ (5) Attitude Indicator Errors

________ (6) Review MCA

________ (7) Review Stalls (VR) & (IR)

________ (8) Review Unusual Attitude Recoveries

________ (9) Review Constant Airspeed Climbs & Descents

________ (10) Perform Steep Turns. Enter A Turn Of More Than A Standard Rate (Altimeter is primary for pitch. Maintain altitude. Airspeed is primary for power. Add power when airspeed indicator shows a need for it. Cross-check attitude indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator for pitch control. Refer to attitude indicator when making pitch corrections, taking precession error into consideration.)

________ (11) Perform Steep Turns, Partial Panel (Use turn needle to maintain a constant rate of turn. Control pitch by reference to altimeter/VSI combination.)

________ (12) Recovery Should Be Smooth With A Normal Rate Of Roll (Since vertical lift increases, pitch and power should be reduced as required to maintain altitude and airspeed.)

________ (13) Practice Steep Turns With All Available Instruments

________ (14) Without Attitude And HDG. Indicator

________(15) Postflight

________(16) Next Lesson Preview


Lesson #2. INSTRUMENT COCKPIT CHECK & PITCH CONTROL

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Preflight Preparation

________ (3) Obtaining Weather

________ (4) Visual Inspection

________ (5) Airplane Systems Related To IFR Operations

________ (6) Cockpit Management

________ (7) Aircraft Flight Instruments And Navigation Equipment

________ (8) Instrument Cockpit Check

________ (9) Straight And Level Flight

________(10) Attitude Indicator Errors

________(11) Comparison of Instrument Indication & Pitch Attitude

________(12) Maintain Level Flight With Attitude Indicator, Return To Level Flight (After moderate climbs & descents)

________(13) Trim

________(14) Change Pitch Attitude And Show Altimeter Indication

________(15) Cross-check Attitude Indicator & Altimeter

________(16) Practice Maintaining Constant Altitude With Altimeter And Attitude Indicator

________(17) Practice Returning To Original Altitude After Loosing Or Gaining 50' (Change pitch attitude no more than 1/2 bar)

________(18) Vertical Speed Indicator Shows Trend Before Altimeter Shows A Climb Or Descent

________(19) Caution Not To Chase Needle

________(20) Point Out That Relationship Between VSI & Attitude Indicator Depends On Airspeed

________(21) Show A 200 FPM Climb Or Descent (At low airspeed using 1/2 bar width on attitude indicator.)

________(22) Correct For Altitudes 100' Or Less With No More Than 200 FPM Climb Or Descents

________(23) Practice Attitude Control With VSI Only

________(24) Practice Attitude Control With AI And VSI

________(25) Practice Attitude Control With AI, VSI And Altimeter

_________(26) Climb 100' At A Rate Of 200 FPM

_________(27) Resume Level Flight, Descend At 200 FPM

________(28) Cross-Check ALT, AI, & VSI To Maintain Level Flight

________(29) Point Out That Airspeed Remains Constant At Constant Power When Altitude Is Constant

________(30) Make Small Pitch Changes, And Point Out Slow Changes In Airspeed

________(31) Make Extreme Pitch Changes, And Point Out Fast Changes In Airspeed

________(32) Practice Holding Constant Airspeed In Level Flight (With Constant Power) By Use Of Airspeed Indicator Alone

________(33) Practice Constant Airspeed With All Available Instruments

________(34) Now Without Attitude Indicator (Instructor Should Aid Student In Rudder And Bank Control.)


Lesson #3. BANK CONTROL

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Roll From One Bank To Another Observing Banking Scale To Indicate Degree Of Bank

________ (3) Precession Of Horizon Bar After A Steep 180 Turn

________ (4) Practice Bank Control Using Attitude Indicator Only Then Using Heading And Attitude Indicator

________ (5) Heading Indicator Corrections (Banks not to exceed number of degrees turned. (Ex. if heading error is 10 degrees, do not exceed a 10 degree bank when correcting.)

________ (6) Include Heading Indicator In Cross-Check To Maintain Straight-And Level Flight. Practice Straight Flight With Heading Indicator Alone, Then Include Attitude Indicator
________ (7) Practice Straight Flight With All Pitch Instruments

________ (8) Turn Needle Shows Rate Of Turn Regardless Of Angle Of Bank (As a demonstration, fly along some straight ground reference, then establish a banked attitude, using rudder to prevent any yaw or turn. Point out that turn needle indicates straight flight and not banked attitude of aircraft.)
________ (9) Maintain Straight And Level Flight (Without Heading Indicator) Use Turn Needle And Magnetic Compass Only

________(10) Demonstrate A 2 Degree Bank Showing Turn Needle Deflection And Heading Indicator Changes

________(11) Make Standard Rate Turns, Slipping And Skidding, (point out that ball on low side of center indicates that wing is low relative to position of turn needle.)
________(12) Practice Bank Control Using Turn And Slip Indicator (VR & IR)

________(13) Practice Maintaining Straight And Level Flight With All Available Pitch And Bank Instruments

________(14) Postflight Procedures

________(15) Next Lesson Preview

Lesson #4. POWER CONTROL AND TRIM

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Ground Phase

________ (3) Practice Maintaining Altitude And Trimming Off Pressure

________ (4) Increase Power, Maintaining Straight & Level Flight

________ (5) Decrease Power, Maintaining Straight & Level Flight

________ (6) Use Aileron And/Or Rudder Trim, With Power Changes (If aircraft is so equipped.)

________ (7) Determine Parameters For MAP, RPM, PITCH SETTING, AIRSPEED, & VSI (Use power chart on next page.)

________ (8) Lead the Level-offs by 10 percent of the Vertical Speed.

________ (9) Postflight

________(10) Next Lesson Preview


Aircraft Performance Chart
Aircraft N_____________________

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
AIRSPEED VSI MAP RPM PITCH


CLIMB


CRUISE


CRUISE
DESCENT



APPROACH &
HOLDING





APPROACH
DESCENT


NON-PRECISION.
DESCENT



NOTES:


Lesson #5. CONSTANT AIRSPEED. CLIMBS AND DESCENTS

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Ground Phase

________ (3) Decrease Airspeed. From Cruise To Approaching And Holding

________ (4) Increase Airspeed. From Approaching To Cruise Maintaining Altitude & HDG. (Pitch must be changed, note attitude indicator acceleration and deceleration errors.)

________ (5) Decrease Airspeed. From Cruise To Approach Maintaining Altitude & HDG.

________ (6) Use Airspeed. Indicator For Primary Power Control

________ (7) Practice Changing Airspeed. In Straight & Level Flight Without HDG. Indicator, Then Without Attitude And HDG. Indicators

________ (8) Enter Constant Airspeed. Climb From Cruise Airspeed.

________ (9) Demonstrate Use Of VSI As An Aid In Maintaining Airspeed. (By adjusting pitch attitude on attitude indicator to change VSI 200 FPM to gain or loose 10 Kts.)

________(10) Level-Off From Climbs At Cruise Airspeed. (Lead altitude by 10 percent VSI shown, i.e., for 500 FPM, use 50 foot lead. (altimeter is primary for pitch as level-off is started.) Leave power at climbing power until airspeed approaches normal cruise airspeed, adjusting pitch as necessary to maintain altitude. Emphasize proper use of trim.)

________(11) Enter Climbs From Normal Cruise Airspeed. And Level Off At Normal Cruise Airspeed. With All Available Instruments, then Without Attitude And HDG. Indicators.

________(12) Reduce To Climb Airspeed, And Enter A Climb From Climb Airspeed. (As power is increased, airspeed is primary for pitch. Use relationship between airspeed and vertical speed for pitch control.)

________(13) Level-Off From Climbs At Climb Airspeed. With All Available Instruments (Lead altitude by 10 percent of VSI. As level-off is started, altimeter becomes primary pitch.)

________(14) Practice Entering Climbs From Climb Airspeed. And Level-Off At Climb Airspeed. (With all available instruments, then Without Attitude And HDG. Indicators.)

________(15) Enter A Descent By Reducing To Descent Power, Maintaining Altitude Until Airspeed. Approaches Descending Airspeed. (Airspeed. is primary for pitch.)

________(16) Demonstrate Use Of VSI As An Aid In Maintaining Desired Airspeed. (By adjusting pitch to change VSI 20 FPM to gain or lose 5 Kts. airspeed.)

________(17) Level-Off From Descents At Cruise Airspeed. (VSI is primary for pitch until normal lead for level-off is reached, then altimeter is primary for pitch.)

________(18) Level-Off From Descents At Descent Airspeed. (Approx. 50' above desired altitude, advance power to hold airspeed constant. Simultaneously adjust pitch attitude to maintain airspeed. As level-off is started, altimeter is primary for pitch, and airspeed becomes primary for power.)

________(19) Practice Level-Offs From Descents At Cruising And Descending Airspeed. With Full & Partial Panel

________(20) Postflight Procedures

________(21) Next Lesson Preview


Lesson #6. TURNS AND HDG. INDICATOR TURNS

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Ground Phase

________ (3) Enter A Level Flight Turn, And Maintain Constant Airspeed. (As turn is established, attitude indicator is primary for bank. When approximate desired bank is reached, turn needle is primary for bank. altimeter is primary for pitch, airspeed indicator is primary for power.)

________ (4) Pitch Must Be Changed To Maintain Constant Altitude

________ (5) If Necessary, Hold Slight Aileron And Rudder Pressure Opposite Direction Of Turn To Maintain Desired Bank (Maintain a constant bank angle.)

________ (6) Adjust Power As Necessary To Maintain A Constant Airspeed.

________ (7) Recover To Straight And Level Flight (Explain that roll-out is accomplished by reference to attitude indicator. When normal lead for roll-out is reached, heading indicator if available, becomes primary for bank. Adjust pitch attitude and power as necessary to maintain desired altitude and airspeed.)
________ (8) Enter A Turn With Rudder Alone (Show resulting skid, and effect on airspeed. aircraft is turning faster than bank indicates.)

________ (9) Enter A Turn With Aileron Alone (Show yaw caused by aileron drag, and how coordinated use of rudder and ailerons eliminates its effect.

________(10) Find Angle Of Bank Needed For A Standard Rate Turn (Divide airspeed by 10 and add 1/2 to answer, i.e., 100 divided by 10 + 5 = 15 Degrees Bank.)

________(11) Turns Low Cruise Speed

________(12) Turns Normal Cruise Speed

________(13) Turns High Cruise Speed

________(14) Practice Turns With Inoperative Gyroscopic Attitude & HDG. Indicators

________(15) Practice Climbing And Descending Turns, With Level-Offs At Various Airspeeds, Full Panel

________(16) Practice Climbing And Descending Turns Without Gyroscopic HDG. And Attitude Indicator

________(17) Turns To Predetermined Headings (With a rollout lead of 1 degree for each 2 degrees of bank being held. Never exceed in bank number of degrees to be turned. Never exceed a standard rate turn.)

________(18) Without Attitude Indicator, Change HDG. 30 Degrees (Use a standard rate turn.)

________(19) Practice Changing HDG. Less Than 15 Degrees

________(20) Practice Turns To Various Headings With All Instruments & Without Attitude Indicator

________(21) Postflight

________(22) Next Lesson Preview

________(23) Quiz 1

Notes:


Lesson #7. INSTRUMENT TAKEOFF

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Ground Phase

________ (3) Instrument Takeoffs. Hold aircraft stationary with brakes and advance power to a setting that will provide partial rudder control. Advance throttle smoothly to obtain rudder effectiveness, then release brakes and apply full power. Heading indicator is primary for directional control. Climb-out is made at a constant airspeed.)

________ (4) Practice Instrument Takeoffs Without Hood

________ (5) Practice Instrument Takeoffs With Hood


Lesson #8. RATE CLIMBS AND DESCENTS

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Instrument Takeoff

________ (3) Climb At A Definite Indicated Rate (From climb airspeed, advance power to establish climb at 500'/min. Simultaneously adjust pitch to maintain constant airspeed. Log power setting required for this.)

________ (4) Level Off From A Climb At A Definite Indicated Rate (Follow same procedure that was described for level-offs from constant airspeed climbs.)

________ (5) Enter A Descent At A Definite Indicated Rate (Adjust pitch attitude to maintain a constant airspeed. Log power setting required for this.)

________ (6) Level Off From A Descent At A Definite Indicated Rate (Follow he same procedure that was described for level-offs from constant airspeed descents.)

________ (7) Calibrating VSI To Establish Definite Absolute Rates (By establishing a climb or descent of 500'/min.

________ (8) Practice Calibrating VSI During Both Climbs And Descents

________ (9) Climbs At A Definite Absolute Rate (Establish climbing airspeed. As clock passes a cardinal point, enter climb using same technique that has been described for entry into a climb at a definite indicated rate. Use first 30 sec. to establish proper vertical speed and trim. Check clock and altimeter every 15 sec. thereafter for 125 feet of altitude change. Show student how to correct any errors.)

________(10) Level-Offs From Climb At A Definite Absolute Rate (Follow same procedure that was described for level-off from a constant airspeed climb.)

________(11) Postflight

________(12) Next Lesson Preview

Notes:


Lesson #9. CHANGE OF AIRSPEED. IN TURNS

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Instrument Takeoff

________ (3) Change From Normal To Low Cruise Airspeed. (After Turn Is Established Altimeter is primary for pitch, turn needle is primary for bank. While airspeed is changing, MAP or TACH is primary for power. Trim as airspeed changes.)

________ (4) Change From Low To Normal Cruise After Turn Is Established (Same as above, except power must be overshot 3" to 5" (200 - 300 RPM), pitch is lowered to maintain altitude, bank is increased to maintain standard rate turn.)
________ (5) Change Airspeed. And Enter Turn Simultaneously

________ (6) Practice Changing Airspeed. In Turns After Turn Is Established

________ (7) Practice Changing Airspeed. In Turns Entering Turn And Changing Airspeed. Simultaneously (With all available instruments, and without attitude and heading indicators.)

________ (8) Postflight, Lesson Preview


Lesson #10. CLIMBS AND DESCENTS TO
PREDETERMINED ALTITUDES AND HEADINGS.
Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Instrument Takeoff

________ (3) Change To Climbing Airspeed. In Straight-And-Level Flight

________ (4) When Clock Second Hand Indicates A Cardinal Point Change Pitch, Bank And Power Simultaneously, And Enter A Standard Rate Climbing Turn

________ (5) Control Bank As In Timed Turns, Checking HDG. Every 15 Sec. After 1st 30 Seconds

________ (6) Control Pitch As In Rate Climbs, Checking Altitude Every 15 Sec. After 1st 30 Seconds

________ (7) Roll Out On Correct HDG. And Level-Off On Correct Altitude Regardless Of Time

________ (8) Descend To A Predetermined Altitude And HDG.

________ (9) Practice without attitude and heading indicators.)

________(10) Postflight

________(11) Next Lesson Preview


Lesson #11. VERTICAL S, S1 & S2

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Instrument Takeoff

________ (3) Vertical S (From an exact altitude and climbing or descending airspeed., adjust power and pitch to enter a climb or descent. As Power is adjusted in entry, airspeed. is primary for pitch. As VSI approaches 500 FPM, VSI becomes primary for pitch and remains so until reversal of vertical direction is started. As VSI reaches 500 FPM airspeed. again becomes primary for power. As reversal of VSI is started, airspeed. becomes primary for pitch and remains so until VSI approaches desired rate of 500 FPM. Trim and Cross-Check are important.)

________ (4) Vertical S-1 (Enter in a climbing or descending turn.)

________ (5) Reverse Direction Of Turn With Each Return To Entry Altitude.

________ (6) VERTICAL S-2 (direction of turn is reversed with each reversal of vertical direction.)

________ (7) V. S, S1, and S-2 (With all instruments, & without AI.

________ (8) Postflight, Lesson Preview


Lesson #12. MAGNETIC COMPASS
Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion includes North Undershoot = Latitude + 1/2 the bank angle. South Overshoot = Latitude + 1/2 the bank angle.

________ (2) Review As Necessary

________ (3) Demonstrate Northerly Turning Error (Fly north long enough for compass to settle down, wings level. Enter a turn to west. compass immediately indicates a turn in opposite direction. Return to a north heading. Enter a turn to east. compass indicates a turn to west. Return to a north heading.)

________ (4) Enter A Very Shallow Banked Turn To West (Compass indicated momentarily that a straight course is being maintained. Wings must be level to avoid turning errors. Repeat demonstration in a shallow turn to east.)

________ (5) Enter A Steep Turn (compass lags excessively, and may swing completely around in opposite direction of turn.)

________ (6) Demonstrate Southerly Turning Error (Fly a south heading and let compass settle down. Enter a turn to west. compass indicates a much faster turn in same direction. Return to south heading. Enter a turn to east. compass indicates a much faster turn in same direction. Return to a south heading. Wings must be level to avoid compass turn errors.)

________ (7) Acceleration & Deceleration Error With Power Changes (Fly a heading of east. Increase airspeed in level flight. Compass indicates a turn toward north. Reduce airspeed in level flight. Compass indicates a turn toward south.)

________ (8) Acceleration & Deceleration Error Constant Power (Fly a heading of east or west. At a constant power setting first lower, then raise nose.)

________ (9) Fly A HDG. Of West, And Repeat Above Demonstration (magnitude of error depends on rate of acceleration or deceleration. To read compass accurately, airspeed must be constant. Acceleration and deceleration error are not present in constant airspeed climbs and descents.)

________(10) Show That Acceleration And Deceleration Errors Are Not Present On North And South Headings

________(11) Show That Turn Errors Are Not Present On East And West Headings

________(12) Turns To Magnetic Compass Headings (Turn to a heading of north, using 15 to 18 degrees of bank. Lead heading an amount equal to latitude plus half angle of bank. Repeat same, turning to a heading of south (15 to 18 degrees of bank. Overshoot heading an amount equal to latitude minus half angle of bank.)

________(13) From South, Then From North, Turn To A HDG. Of East (Lead heading approx. 5 degrees when turning from a heading of south to east, and approx. 10 degrees when turning from a heading of north to east.)

________(14) Turn To A HDG. Of West, Using Procedure Given Above

________(15) Show That Lag Or Lead Must Be Interpolated When Turning To Intermediate Headings

________(16) Practice Making Turns To Magnetic Compass Headings Without HDG. Indicator, Then Without HDG. Indicator And Attitude Indicator

________(17) Postflight

________(18) Next Lesson Preview


Lesson #13. TIMED TURNS

Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion

________ (2) Review As Necessary

________ (3) Calibration Of Turn Needle (With all instruments available, establish a standard rate turn as indicated by turn needle. As clock second hand passes a cardinal point, check heading indicator for a turn of 30 degrees each 10 seconds (no lag, since timing is started after turn is established). Make necessary changes in indicated rate (needle position) to produce a standard rate turn.)

________ (4) Calibrate Needle Both Right And Left

________ (5) Note Exact Deflection Of Turn Needle And Use Corrected Deflection (If any) For All Timed Turns

________ (6) Timed Turns With All Instruments Available (Enter a standard rate turn when clock second hand passes a cardinal point. first 30 second is used to establish turn properly. check heading indicator to see whether rate of turn is proper. It should indicate a turn of 90 degrees minus number of degrees lag for angle of bank used (LAG WILL BE APPROX. ONE-HALF DEGREE OF BANK.) Demonstrate how angle of bank is increased or decreased to compensate for any error. After first 30 seconds, heading indicator should be checked against clock every 15 seconds. Time is started when pressure is applied to roll into a turn and stopped when pressure is applied to roll out. With all instruments available, roll out on desired heading regardless of time.)

________ (7) Timed Turns Without HDG. Indicator And Attitude Indicator (Enter a standard rate turn using needle as primary bank instrument while in a turn. Turn for 30 seconds, holding a constant turn needle deflection. At end of 30 seconds, roll out of turn at same rate you made roll-in. When wings are level and turn needle is centered, magnetic compass should indicate a turn of 90 degrees. For small changes in heading use a half-standard-rate turn. (1/2 NEEDLE WIDTH ON 2 MIN. NEEDLE, OR 1 NEEDLE WIDTH ON 4 MINUTE NEEDLE.))

________ (8) Practice Making Timed Turns At Different Airspeeds (With all available instruments.)

________ (9) Without HDG. Indicator

________(10) Without HDG. Indicator And Attitude Indicator


Lesson #14. RECOVERY FROM UNUSUAL FLIGHT ATTITUDES
Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion Rules Airspeed Needle Increasing:
Close Throttle.
Level Wings.
Increase Pitch.

Airspeed Needle Decreasing:
Full Throttle.
Decrease Pitch.
Level Wings.

________ (2) Review As Necessary

________ (3) Practice Recovery From Nose-Low Unusual Attitudes With All Available Instruments

________ (4) Now Without Attitude And HDG. Indicator

________ (5) Practice Recovery From Nose-High Unusual Attitudes With All Available Instruments

________ (6) Without Attitude And HDG. Indicator

________ (7) Postflight

________(8) Next Lesson Preview

NOTES:


Pattern "A"


Lesson #15. PATTERN "A"
Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion (purpose of this pattern is to further develop ability to control aircraft without deliberate thought. These patterns help prepare student for holding patterns and procedure turns. Initial practice should be on cardinal headings for simplicity.
________ (2) Review As Necessary

________ (3) Maneuver Should Be First Performed With All Available Instruments, Then On Partial Panel

________ (4) Demonstrate First Three Turns, Then Have Student Continue (Timing should start when clock is on a cardinal point, preferably 12 o'clock position.)

________ (5) Timing Is Consecutive In That Time For Each Leg Is Started When Control Pressure Is Applied To Recover From Preceding Turn

________ (6) After Recovery From Turns, Allow Sufficient Time For Compass To Stop Oscillating, Then Note HDG. And Correct If Necessary (An exception is 30 Sec. leg. If you note an error in heading here, compensate for it by lengthening or shortening time allotted for next turn.)

________ (7) Observe Turn Needle And Magnetic Compass Closely (To correct a heading, use a timed turn. For small heading changes use half-standard rate turns. Efficient Cross-Check is required during airspeed changes so that corrections may be applied immediately.)

________ (8) Perform Pattern Without Attitude And HDG. Indicator

________ (9) Postflight

________(10) Next Lesson Preview

NOTES:


Pattern "B"


Lesson #16. PATTERN "B"
Start________________ N__________________
End ________________ Date____ /____ /______
Flight_______________ Ground ______________
Pre & Post___________
________ (1) Preflight Discussion (Pattern "B" like previous one, is to further develop pilot's ability to control aircraft without deliberate thought. These patterns help prepare student for holding patterns and procedure turns. Initial practice should be on cardinal headings for simplicity.

________ (2) Use All Available Instruments (Do not demonstrate unless absolutely necessary.)

________ (3) Roll Out On Headings Regardless Of Time (When changing airspeed in turns, simultaneously change bank and power, also change pitch, if applicable.)

________ (4) Descending Final Turn Is Made At An Absolute Rate

________ (5) Final Descent Is Made To A Minimum Altitude (As set by instructor, or until time expires, whichever comes first.)

________ (6) Emergency pull-up Is Made As A Normal Go-Around Procedure, Climbing To Original Altitude

________ (7) Postflight. Quiz 2

STAGE 2 Only after successful completion of these lessons.

IFR Flight Training Syllabus Index