- NOTE: Where current weather reports, forecasts, or other pertinent information is not available, this information will be simulated by the examiner in a manner which will adequately measure the applicant's competence.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to aviation weather information by obtaining, reading, and analyzing the applicable items such as—
- a. weather reports and forecasts.
- b. pilot and radar reports.
- c. surface analysis charts.
- d. radar summary charts.
- e. significant weather prognostics.
- f. winds and temperatures aloft.
- g. freezing level charts.
- h. stability charts.
- i. severe weather outlook charts.
- j. tables and conversion graphs.
- k. SIGMETs and AIRMETs.
- l. ATIS reports.
- 2. Correctly analyzes the assembled weather information pertaining to the proposed route of flight and destination airport, and determines whether an alternate airport is required, and, if required, whether the selected alternate airport meets the regulatory requirement.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements by presenting and explaining a preplanned cross-country flight, as previously assigned by the examiner (preplanning at examiner’s discretion). It should be planned using real time weather and conform to the regulatory requirements for instrument flight rules within the airspace in which the flight will be conducted.
- 2. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the aircraft's performance capabilities by calculating the estimated time enroute and total fuel requirement based upon such factors as—
- a. power settings.
- b. operating altitude or flight level.
- c. wind.
- d. fuel reserve requirements.
- 3. Selects and correctly interprets the current and applicable enroute charts, DP's (departure procedures), STAR (standard terminal arrival), and standard instrument approach procedure charts.
- 4. Obtains and correctly interprets applicable NOTAM information.
- 5. Determines the calculated performance is within the aircraft's capability and operating limitations.
- 6. Completes and files a flight plan in a manner that accurately reflects the conditions of the proposed flight. (Does not have to be filed with ATC).
- Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to applicable aircraft anti-icing/deicing system(s) and their operating methods to include:
- 1. Airframe.
- 2. Propeller/intake.
- 3. Fuel.
- 4. Pitot-static.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to applicable aircraft flight instrument system(s) and their operating characteristics to include—
- a. pitot-static.
- b. altimeter.
- c. airspeed indicator.
- d. vertical speed indicator.
- e. attitude indicator.
- f. horizontal situation indicator.
- g. magnetic compass.
- h. turn-and-slip indicator/turn coordinator.
- i. heading indicator.
- 2. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the applicable aircraft navigation system(s) and their operating methods to include—
- a. VHF omnirange (VOR).
- b. distance measuring equipment (DME).
- c. instrument landing system (ILS).
- d. marker beacon receiver/indicators.
- e. transponder/altitude encoding.
- f. automatic direction finder (ADF).
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to preflighting instruments, avionics, and navigation equipment cockpit check by explaining the reasons for the check and how to detect possible defects.
- 2. Performs the preflight on instruments, avionics, and navigation equipment cockpit check by following the checklist appropriate to the aircraft flown.
- 3. Determines that the aircraft is in condition for safe instrument flight including—
- a. radio communications equipment.
- b. radio navigation equipment including the following, as appropriate, to the aircraft flown:
- (1) VOR/VORTAC receiving equipment.
- (2) ADF receiving equipment.
- (3) ILS receiving equipment.
- c. magnetic compass.
- d. heading indicator.
- e. attitude indicator.
- f. altimeter.
- g. turn-and-slip indicator/turn coordinator.
- h. vertical speed indicator.
- i. airspeed indicator.
- j. clock.
- k. power source for gyro-instruments.
- l. pitot heat.
- 4. Notes any discrepancies and determines whether the aircraft is safe for instrument flight or requires maintenance.
- NOTE: The ATC clearance may be an actual or simulated ATC clearance based upon the flight plan.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to ATC clearances and pilot/controller responsibilities to include tower enroute control and clearance void times.
- 2. Copies correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance as issued.
- 3. Determines that it is possible to comply with ATC clearance.
- 4. Interprets correctly the ATC clearance received and, when necessary, requests clarification, verification, or change.
- 5. Reads back correctly, in a timely manner, the ATC clearance in the sequence received.
- 6. Uses standard phraseology when reading back clearance.
- 7. Sets the appropriate communication and navigation frequencies and transponder codes in compliance with the ATC clearance.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to DP's, EnRoute Low Altitude Charts, STARs, and related pilot/controller responsibilities.
- 2. Uses the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed flight.
- 3. Selects and uses the appropriate communications frequencies; selects and identifies the navigation aids associated with the proposed flight.
- 4. Performs the appropriate aircraft checklist items relative to the phase of flight.
- 5. Establishes two-way communications with the proper controlling agency, using proper phraseology.
- 6. Complies, in a timely manner, with all ATC instructions and airspace restrictions.
- 7. Exhibits adequate knowledge of two-way radio communications failure procedures.
- 8. Intercepts, in a timely manner, all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, or clearance.
- 9. Maintains the applicable airspeed within 10 knots; headings within 10°; altitude within 100 feet (30 meters); and tracks a course, radial, or bearing.
- NOTE: Any reference to DME will be disregarded if the aircraft is not so equipped.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to holding procedures.
- 2. Changes to the holding airspeed appropriate for the altitude or aircraft when 3 minutes or less from, but prior to arriving at, the holding fix.
- 3. Uses an entry procedure that ensures the aircraft remains within the holding pattern airspace for a standard, nonstandard, published, or nonpublished holding pattern.
- 4. Recognizes arrival at the holding fix and initiates prompt entry into the holding pattern.
- 5. Complies with ATC reporting requirements.
- 6. Uses the proper timing criteria, where applicable, as required by altitude or ATC instructions.
- 7. Complies with pattern leg lengths when a DME distance is specified.
- 8. Uses proper wind correction procedures to maintain the desired pattern and to arrive over the fix as close as possible to a specified time.
- 9. Maintains the airspeed within 10 knots; altitude within 100 feet (30 meters); headings within 10°; and tracks a specified course, radial, or bearing.
- NOTE: The examiner shall require the performance of all TASKS. At least two of the TASKS, A through E as selected by the examiner, shall be performed without the use of the attitude and heading indicators. TASK F shall be performed using all available instruments; TASK G shall be performed without the use of the attitude indicator.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to attitude instrument flying during straight-and-level flight.
- 2. Maintains straight-and-level flight in the aircraft configuration specified by the examiner.
- 3. Maintains the heading within 10°, altitude within 100 feet (30 meters) and airspeed within 10 knots.
- 4. Uses proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and applies the appropriate pitch, bank, power, and trim corrections.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements relating to attitude instrument flying during change of airspeeds in straight-and-level flight and in turns.
- 2. Establishes a proper power setting when changing airspeed.
- 3. Maintains the heading within 10°, angle of bank within 5° when turning, altitude within 100 feet (30 meters), and airspeed within 10 knots.
- 4. Uses proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and applies the appropriate pitch, bank, power, and trim corrections.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements relating to attitude instrument flying during constant airspeed climbs and descents.
- 2. Demonstrates climbs and descents at a constant airspeed, between specific altitudes in straight or turning flight as specified by the examiner.
- 3. Enters constant airspeed climbs and descents from a specified altitude, airspeed, and heading.
- 4. Establishes the appropriate change of pitch and power to establish the desired climb and descent performance.
- 5. Maintains the airspeed within 10 knots, heading within 10° or, if in a turning maneuver, within 5° of the specified bank angle.
- 6. Performs the level-off within 100 feet (30 meters) of the specified altitude.
- 7. Uses proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and applies the appropriate pitch, bank, power, and trim corrections.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements relating to attitude instrument flying during rate climbs and descents.
- 2. Demonstrates climbs and descents at a constant rate between specified altitudes in straight or turning flight as directed by the examiner.
- 3. Enters rate climbs and descents from a specified altitude, airspeed, and heading.
- 4. Establishes the appropriate change of pitch, bank, and power to establish the specified rate of climb or descent.
- 5. Maintains the specified rate of climb and descent within 100 feet per minute, airspeed within 10 knots, heading within 10°, or if in a turning maneuver, within 5° of the specified bank angle.
- 6. Performs the level-off within 100 feet (30 meters) of the specified altitude.
- 7. Uses proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and applies the appropriate pitch, bank, power, and trim corrections.
- NOTE: If the aircraft has a turn and slip indicator, the phrase "miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator" applies to the turn needle.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of elements and procedures relating to calibrating the miniature aircraft of the turn coordinator, the operating characteristics and errors of the magnetic compass, and the performance of timed turns to specified compass headings.
- 2. Establishes indicated standard rate turns, both right and left.
- 3. Applies the clock correctly to the calibration procedure.
- 4. Changes the miniature aircraft position, as necessary, to produce a standard rate turn.
- 5. Makes timed turns to specified compass headings.
- 6. Maintains the altitude within 100 feet (30 meters), airspeed within 10 knots, bank angle 5° of a standard or half-standard rate turn, and rolls out on specified headings within 10°.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the factors relating to attitude instrument flying during steep turns.
- 2. Enters a turn using a bank of approximately 45° for an airplane and 30° for a helicopter.
- 3. Maintains the specified angle of bank for either 180° or 360° of turn, both left and right.
- 4. Maintains altitude within 100 feet (30 meters), airspeed within 10 knots, 5° of specified bank angle, and rolls out within 10° of the specified heading.
- 5. Uses proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and applies the appropriate pitch, bank, power, and trim corrections.
- NOTE: Any intervention by the examiner to prevent the aircraft from exceeding any operating limitations, or entering an unsafe flight condition, shall be disqualifying.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements relating to attitude instrument flying during recovery from unusual flight attitudes (both nose-high and nose-low).
- 2. Uses proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and applies the appropriate pitch, bank, and power corrections in the correct sequence to return the aircraft to a stabilized level flight attitude.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to missed approach procedures associated with standard instrument approaches.
- 2. Initiates the missed approach promptly by applying power, establishing a climb attitude, and reducing drag in accordance with the aircraft manufacturer's recommendations.
- 3. Reports to ATC beginning the missed approach procedure.
- 4. Complies with the published or alternate missed approach procedure.
- 5. Advises ATC or examiner anytime the aircraft is unable to comply with a clearance, restriction, or climb gradient.
- 6. Follows the recommended checklist items appropriate to the go-around procedure.
- 7. Requests, if appropriate, ATC clearance to the alternate airport, clearance limit, or as directed by the examiner.
- 8. Maintains the recommended airspeed within 10 knots; heading, course, or bearing within 10°; and altitude(s) within 100 feet (30 meters) during the missed approach procedure.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to a circling approach procedure.
- 2. Selects and complies with the appropriate circling approach procedure considering turbulence and wind shear and considering the maneuvering capabilities of the aircraft.
- 3. Confirms the direction of traffic and adheres to all restrictions and instructions issued by ATC and the examiner.
- 4. Does not exceed the visibility criteria or descend below the appropriate circling altitude until in a position from which a descent to a normal landing can be made.
5. Maneuvers the aircraft, after reaching the authorized MDA and maintain that altitude within +100 feet (30 meters), -0 feet and a flight path that permits a normal landing on a runway at least 90 degrees from the final approach course.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to the pilot's responsibilities, and the environmental, operational, and meteorological factors which affect a landing from a straight-in or a circling approach.
- 2. Transitions at the DH, MDA, or VDP to a visual flight condition, allowing for safe visual maneuvering and a normal landing.
- 3. Adheres to all ATC (or examiner) advisories such as: NOTAMs, wind shear, wake turbulence, runway surface, braking conditions, and other operational considerations.
- 4. Completes appropriate checklist items for the pre-landing and landing phase.
- 5. Maintains positive aircraft control throughout the complete landing maneuver.
- Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements related to applicable loss of communications procedures to include:
- 1. Recognizing loss of communication.
- 2. Continuing to destination according to the flight plan.
- 3. When to deviate from the flight plan.
- 4. Timing for beginning an approach at destination.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the procedures used if engine failure occurs during straight-and-level flight and turns while on instruments.
- 2. Recognizes engine failure simulated by the examiner during straight-and-level flight and turns.
- 3. Sets all engine controls, reduces drag, and identifies and verifies the inoperative engine.
- 4. Establishes the best engine-inoperative airspeed and trims the aircraft.
- 5. Verifies the accomplishment of prescribed checklist procedures for securing the inoperative engine.
- 6. Establishes and maintains the recommended flight attitude, as necessary, for best performance during straight-and-level and turning flight.
- 7. Attempts to determine the reason for the engine failure.
- 8. Monitors all engine control functions and makes necessary adjustments.
- 9. Maintains the specified altitude within 100 feet (30 meters), (if within the aircraft's capability), airspeed within 10 knots, and the specified heading within 10°.
- 10. Assesses the aircraft's performance capability and decides an appropriate action to ensure a safe landing.
- 11. Avoids loss of aircraft control, or attempted flight contrary to the engine-inoperative operating limitations of the aircraft.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements by explaining the procedures used during an instrument approach in a multiengine aircraft with one engine inoperative.
- 2. Recognizes promptly engine failure simulated by the examiner.
- 3. Sets all engine controls, reduces drag, and identifies and verifies the inoperative engine.
- 4. Establishes the best engine-inoperative airspeed and trims the aircraft.
- 5. Verifies the accomplishment of prescribed checklist procedures for securing the inoperative engine.
- 6. Establishes and maintains the recommended flight attitude and configuration for the best performance for all maneuvering necessary for the instrument approach procedures.
- 7. Attempts to determine the reason for the engine failure.
- 8. Monitors all engine control functions and makes necessary adjustments.
- 9. Requests and receives an actual or a simulated ATC clearance for an instrument approach.
- 10. Follows the actual or a simulated ATC clearance for an instrument approach.
- 11. Establishes a rate of descent that will ensure arrival at the MDA prior to reaching the MAP with the aircraft continuously in a position from which descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made straight-in or circling.
- 12. Maintains, where applicable, the specified altitude within 100 feet (30 meters), (if within the aircraft's capability), the airspeed within 10 knots, and the heading within 10°.
- 13. Sets the navigation and communication equipment used during the approach and uses the proper communications technique.
- 14. Avoids loss of aircraft control, or attempted flight contrary to the engine-inoperative operating limitations of the aircraft.
- 15. Complies with the published criteria for the aircraft approach category when circling.
- 16. Allows, while on final approach segment, no more than three-quarter-scale deflection of either the localizer or glide slope indications, or within 10° of the NDB or VOR final approach course.
- 17. Completes a safe landing.
- Note: This task may be considered satisfactory if applicant has successfully completed a nonprecision approach without the use of attitude and heading indicators (in appropriate class aircraft).
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements relating to recognizing if attitude indicator and/or heading indicator is inaccurate or inoperative, and advises ATC or the examiner.
- 2. Advises ATC or examiner anytime the aircraft is unable to comply with a clearance.
- 3. Completes instrument approach if applicable.
- 1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the elements relating to all navigation equipment for proper operation.
- 2. Notes all flight equipment for proper operation.
- 3. Notes all equipment and/or aircraft malfunctions and makes a written record of improper operation or failure of such equipment.