The checklist becomes a record of training, such as that
necessary for operations under 14CFR Part 141.
Commercial Pilot Flight Training
Lessons 23 - 40
GROUND REFERENCE MANEUVER
Flight Lesson #23. EIGHTS ON PYLONS
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding eight’s on pylons.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements of eight’s on pylons by demonstrating:
________ (1) How To Determine The Approximate Pivotal Altitude
________ (2) How To Select Suitable Pylons With Consideration Given To
Emergency Landing Areas
________ (3) Orientation, Division Of Attention And Planning
________ (4) Configuration And Airspeed Prior To Entry
________ (5) The Relationship Of Groundspeed Change To The Performance Of
The Maneuver
________ (6) The Pilot's "Line-Of-Sight" Reference To The Pylon
________ (7) Entry Technique
________ (8) The Technique Of Maintaining The "Line-Of-Sight"
On The Pylon
________ (9) Timing Of Turn Entries And Roll-Outs
________(10) How To Correct For Wind Drift Between Pylons
________(11) Coordination Of Flight Controls
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
eight’s on pylons from a commercial pilot’s perspective.
EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; , FAA-S-8081-12A; Pilot's Operating
Handbook or FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Flight Lesson #24. EMERGENCY APPROACH AND LANDING (Simulated) (NOTE:
The instructor will NOT simulate a power failure by placing the fuel selector in the
"off" position or by placing the mixture control in the "idle-cutoff"
position. No simulated emergency approach will be continued below 500 feet AGL, unless
over an area where a safe landing can be accomplished in compliance with 14CFR Section
91.79.
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding simulated emergency approaches and landings.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements related to an emergency approaches and landings by
demonstrating:
________ (1) The Prompt Establishment Of The Best-Glide Airspeed And The
Recommended Configuration
________ (2) How To Select A Suitable Emergency Landing Area
________ (3) The Planning And The Execution Of The Approach To The
Selected Landing Area
________ (4) The Use Of The Emergency Checklist
________ (5) The Importance Of Attempting To Determine The Reason For The
Malfunction
________ (6) The Importance Of Dividing Attention Between Flying The
Approach And Accomplishing The Emergency Checklist
________ (7) Techniques That Can Be Used To Compensate For Under-Shooting
And Over-Shooting The Selected Emergency Landing Area
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
simulated emergency approaches and landings from a commercial pilot’s perspective.
Flight Lesson #25. EMERGENCY DESCENT
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding simulated emergency approaches and landings.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements related to an emergency approaches and landings by
demonstrating:
________ (1) Exhibit Knowledge of the Elements Relating To an Emergency
Descent.
________ (2) How To Recognize Situations Which Require an Emergency
Descent.
________ (3) The Prompt Establishment Of Descent Configuration and
Airspeed +/- 5Kts.
________ (4) The Use Of The Proper Engine Control Settings
________ (5) The Planning And The Execution Of The Approach To The
Selected Landing Area
________ (6) The Use Of The Emergency Checklist
________ (7) The Importance Of Maintaining Positive Load Factors During
the Descent
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
performing emergency descents from a commercial pilot’s perspective.
Flight Lesson #26. SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding systems and equipment malfunctions.
(NOTE: The instructor will not simulate a system or equipment malfunction
in a manner that may jeopardize safe flight or result in possible damage to the airplane.)
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements related to systems and equipment malfunctions appropriate to the
airplane used for the practical test by describing:
________ (1) Smoke Or Fire, Or Both, During Ground Or Flight Operations
________ (2) Rough Running Engine Or Partial Power Loss
________(13) Any Other System Or Equipment Malfunction
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
systems and equipment malfunctions.
Flight Lesson #27. EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding emergency equipment and survival gear.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear appropriate to
the airplane used for the practical test by describing:
________ (1) Locations In The Airplane
________ (2) Purpose
________ (3) Method Of Operation Or Use
________ (4) Servicing
________ (5) Storage
________ (6) Equipment Or Gear Appropriate For Operation In Various
Climates, Over Various Types Of Terrain, And Over Water
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will adequately describe emergency equipment
and survival gear as this subject would be demonstrated by a commercial pilot.
NAVIGATION
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; AC 61-23, AC61-84
Flight Training LESSON #28 PILOTAGE, NAVIGATION PROCEDURES, DIVERSION,
ATC SERVICES
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding navigation.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements of navigation by explaining or demonstrating
________ (1) Pilotage and Dead Reckoning with Constant Verification of
Position within +/- ½ NM
________ (2) Correctly Flying to at least the First Planned Checkpoint
________ (3) Arrival at En-Route Checkpoint or Destination within 3
minutes of ETA
________ (4) Completion of the Appropriate Checklist
________ (5) Location of Position using Radials, bearings or Coordinates
________ (6) Utilization of ATC System & Correct Phraseology
________ (7) Maintains Altitude +/-100’ and Heading +/- 10 Degrees
________ (8) Diversion To Alternate ________ (9) Lost Procedures
________(10) Computation Of Fuel Consumption
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
navigation and flight planning, and how these elements relate to the increased skill level
necessary to operate as a commercial pilot.
APPROACHES AND LANDINGS
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; , FAA-S-8081-12A; Pilot's Operating
Handbook or FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Flight Lesson #29. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding normal approaches and landings, together with forward slips to
landings.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements of normal and Crosswind approaches and landings, by
demonstrating:
________ (1) How To Determine Landing Performance And Limitations
________ (2) Configuration, Power And Trim
________ (3) Obstructions And Other Hazards Which Should Be Considered
________ (4) A Stabilized Approach To The Selected Touchdown Area, At The
Recommended Airspeed
________ (5) Coordination Of Flight Controls
________ (6) A Precise Ground Track
________ (7) Wind Shear And Turbulence
________ (8) The Most Suitable Crosswind Technique
________ (9) Timing, Judgment, And Control Touch During The Round-Out And
Touchdown
________(10) Directional Control After Touchdown
________(11) Use Of Brakes
________(12) Use Of the Checklist
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
normal and Crosswind approaches and landings from a commercial pilot’s perspective.
Flight Lesson #30. FORWARD SLIP TO A LANDING
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding forward slips to landings.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements of a forward slip to a landing by demonstrating:
________ (1) How To Determine Landing Performance And Limitations
________ (2) Configuration, Power And Trim
________ (3) Obstructions And Other Hazards Which Should Be Considered
________ (4) A Stabilized Slip To The Selected Touchdown Area, At The
Recommended Airspeed
________ (5) Possible Airspeed Indication Errors
________ (6) Proper Application Of Flight Controls
________ (7) A Precise Ground Track
________ (8) Wind Shear And Turbulence
________ (9) Timing, Judgment, And Control Touch During Transition From
Slip To Touchdown
________(10) Directional Control After Touchdown
________(11) Use Of Brakes
________(12) Use Of the Checklist
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
forward slips to landings from a commercial pilot’s perspective.
Flight Lesson #31. GO-AROUND
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding go-around procedures.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements of a go-around by demonstrating:
________ (1) Situations Where Go-Around Are Necessary
________ (2) The Importance Of Making A Prompt Decision
________ (3) The Importance Of Applying Takeoff Power Immediately After
The Go-Around Decision Is Made
________ (4) How To Establish Proper Pitch Attitude
________ (5) Wing Flaps Retraction, As Recommended
________ (6) Use Of Trim
________ (7) Landing Gear Retraction, As Recommended
________ (8) Proper Climb Speed
________ (9) Proper Track And Obstruction Clearance
________(10) Use Of The Checklist
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
go-around procedures from a commercial pilot’s perspective.
NOTES:
Flight Lesson #32. SHORT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding short-field approaches and landings.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements of a short-field approach and landing by demonstrating:
________ (1) How To Determine Landing Performance And Limitations
________ (2) Configuration, Power And Trim
________ (3) Obstructions And Other Hazards Which Should Be Considered
________ (4) The Effect Of Wind And Landing Surface
________ (5) The Selection Of A Touchdown Area And Go-Around Point
________ (6) A Stabilized Approach To The Selected Touchdown Area, At The
Recommended Airspeed
________ (7) Coordination Of Flight Controls
________ (8) A Precise Ground Track
________ (9) Wind Shear And Turbulence
________(10) Timing, Judgment, And Control Touch During Round-Out And
Touchdown
________(11) Directional Control After Touchdown
________(12) Use Of Brakes ________(13) Use Of the Checklist
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
short-field approaches and landings from a commercial pilot’s perspective.
Flight Lesson #33. SOFT-FIELD APPROACH AND LANDING.
OBJECTIVES: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding soft-field approaches and landings.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements of a soft-field approaches and landings by demonstrating:
________ (1) How To Determine Landing Performance And Limitations
________ (2) Configuration, Power And Trim
________ (3) Obstructions And Other Hazards Which Should Be Considered
________ (4) The Effect Of Wind And Landing Surface
________ (5) The Selection Of A Touchdown Area And Go-Around Point
________ (6) A Stabilized Approach To The Selected Touchdown Area, At The
Recommended Airspeed
________ (7) Coordination Of Flight Controls
________ (8) A Precise Ground Track
________ (9) Wind Shear And Turbulence
________(10) Timing, Judgment, And Control Touch During Round-Out And
Touchdown
________(11) The Proper Use Of Power
________(12) Directional Control After Touchdown
________(13) Use Of Brakes
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate and adequately
explain soft-field approaches and landings from a commercial pilot’s perspective.
AFTER LANDING PROCEDURES
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; , FAA-S-8081-12A; Pilot's Operating
Handbook or FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Flight Lesson #34. POST-FLIGHT PROCEDURES
OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding post-flight procedures.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements of post-flight procedures by demonstrating:
________ (1) Taxi Technique And Procedure
________ (2) Parking Technique And Procedure
________ (3) Engine Shutdown And Securing The Cockpit
________ (4) Deplaning The Passengers
________ (5) Securing The Airplane
________ (6) Post-Flight Inspection
________ (7) Refueling
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about
post-flight procedures from a commercial pilot’s perspective.
Flight Lesson #35 PRESSURIZATION.
This Lesson applies only if the airplane is equipped for
pressurized flight operations.
OBJECTIVES: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial
pilot and regarding operation of cabin pressurization systems.
CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot
knowledge of the elements aircraft pressurization systems by demonstrating:
________ (1) Knowledge Of The Fundamental Concept of Cabin
Pressurization.
________ (2) Supplemental Oxygen Requirements When Operating Airplanes
With Pressurized Cabins.
________ (3) Physiological Hazards Associated With High Altitude Flight
And Decompression.
________ (4) Operational And Physiological Reasons for Completing
Emergency Descents.
________ (5) Need for Wearing Safety Belts and for Rapid Access to
Supplemental Oxygen.
________ (6) The Proper Operation of the Pressurization System.
________ (7) Prompt and Correct Reaction to Properly SimulatedPressurization
Malfunctions
COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate and adequately
explain proper operation of the cabin pressurization system from a commercial pilot’s
perspective.
Flight Lesson #36. DAY SOLO CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT
Objectives: You will complete cross-country flights, including one
DAY-VFR flight of at least 2 hours, consisting of a total straight line distance of more
than 100 NM from the original point of departure.
Contents:
Review
________ (1) Preflight
________ (2) Ground Operations
________ (3) Airport And Traffic Pattern Operations
________ (4) Takeoffs And Climbs
________ (5) Cross-Country Flying
________ (6) Approaches And Landings
________ (7) Post Flight Procedures
________ (8) Post Flight Evaluation And Preview
Completion Standards: This lesson will be successfully completed when,
through oral questioning and logbook records, the instructor determines that your
cross-country solo flight requirements are met.
Flight Lesson #37. NIGHT SOLO CROSS-COUNTRY FLIGHT
Objectives: You will complete cross-country flights, including one
NIGHT-VFR flight of at least 2 hours, consisting of a total straight line distance of more
than 100 NM from the original point of departure.
Contents:
Review
________ (1) Preflight
________ (2) Ground Operations
________ (3) Airport And Traffic Pattern Operations
________ (4) Takeoffs And Climbs
________ (5) Cross-Country Flying
________ (6) Approaches And Landings
________ (7) Post Flight Procedures
________ (8) Post Flight Evaluation And Preview
Completion Standards: This lesson will be successfully completed when,
through oral questioning and logbook records, the instructor determines that your
cross-country solo flight requirements are met.
Flight Lesson #38. Dual Preparation For The Practical Test
Objectives: The instructor will determine your proficiency in all pilot
operations required for the practical test.
Contents:
Review
________ (1) Preflight
________ (2) Ground Operations
________ (3) Airport And Traffic Pattern Operations
________ (4) Takeoffs, Landings & Go-Arounds
________ (5) Performance Maneuvers
________ (6) Ground Reference Maneuvers
________ (7) Navigation
________ (8) Slow Flight And Stalls
________ (9) Flight Maneuvering By Reference To Ground Objects
________(10) Emergency Operations
________(11) High Altitude Operations
________(12) Post Flight Procedures
________(13) Post Flight Discussion To Include Questioning About
In-Flight Distractions, And Preview of Next Lesson.
Completion Standards: You will demonstrate adequate knowledge and skill
required for the successful completion of the practical test. Additional study or practice
will be assigned, if needed.
Flight Lesson #39. Solo Preparation For The Practical Test
Objectives: The instructor will determine your proficiency in all pilot
operations required for the practical test.
Contents:
Review
________ (1) Preflight
________ (2) Ground Operations
________ (3) Airport And Traffic Pattern Operations
________ (4) Takeoffs, Landings & Go-Arounds
________ (5) Performance Maneuvers
________ (6) Ground Reference Maneuvers
________ (7) Navigation
________ (8) Slow Flight And Stalls
________ (9) Flight Maneuvering By Reference To Ground Objects
________(10) Emergency Operations
________(11) High Altitude Operations
________(12) Post Flight Procedures
________(13) Post Flight Discussion, Preview of Next Lesson.
Completion Standards: You will demonstrate adequate knowledge and skill
required for the successful completion of the practical test. Additional study or practice
will be assigned, if needed.
Flight Lesson #40.FINAL CHECK FOR PRACTICAL TEST
Objectives: Display of required proficiency for the practical test.
Contents:
Review
________ (1) Preflight
________ (2) Ground Operations
________ (3) Airport And Traffic Pattern Operations
________ (4) Takeoffs, Landings & Go-Arounds
________ (5) Performance Maneuvers
________ (6) Ground Reference Maneuvers
________ (7) Navigation
________ (8) Slow Flight And Stalls
________ (9) Flight Maneuvering By Reference To Ground Objects
________(10) Emergency Operations
________(11) High Altitude Operations
________(12) Post Flight Procedures
________(13) Post Flight Discussion, Preview of Next Lesson.
Completion Standards: You will demonstrate adequate knowledge and skill
of pilot operations required for the successful completion of the practical test.
Additional training may be assigned, if necessary. If the flight is successfully
completed, your training records will be completed, and a graduation certificate will be
awarded.
Final Flight Check For Practical Test Satisfactory.
Signature of Check Pilot
Printed Name CFI# Exp. Date
GRADUATION CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that_____________________________________has
satisfactorily completed the COMMERCIAL PILOT CERTIFICATION COURSE
on this_______day of___________________, 19______.
The above named individual has satisfactorily completed each required
part of the approved course of training including the required tests, and has received
__________Hours of Flight Training while enrolled in the
__________Hours of Ground Flight Training while enrolled in the