Excerpts from FAA-S-8081-12A

Commercial Pilot Flight Training Lessons 23 - 40

The checklist becomes a record of training, such as that necessary for operations under 14CFR Part 141.

Commercial Pilot Flight Training Lessons 1 - 22

REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; A, FAA-S-8081-12A; Pilot's Operating Handbook or FAA Approved Airplane Flight Manual.

 

Flight Lesson #1. VISUAL INSPECTION

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding the preflight visual inspection.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of a visual inspection, as applicable to the airplane used for the practical test, by describing:

________ (1) Reasons For The Visual Inspection, Items That Should Be Inspected, And How Defects Are Detected

________ (2) Importance of Using The Appropriate Checklist

________ (3) How To Determine Fuel And Oil Quantity

________ (4) Fuel Contamination

________ (5) Detection Of Fuel, Oil And Hydraulic Leaks

________ (6) Inspection Of The Oxygen System, Including Supply And Proper Operation

________ (7) Inspection Of The Flight Controls

________ (8) Detection Of Visible Structural Damage

________ (9) Removal Of Tie-Downs, Control Locks, And Wheel Chocks

 

________(10) Removal Of Ice And Frost

________(11) Importance Of The Proper Loading And Securing Of Baggage, Cargo, And Equipment

________(12) Use Of Sound Judgment In Determining Whether The Airplane Is In Condition For Safe Flight

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about the visual inspection from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #2. COCKPIT MANAGEMENT.

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding cockpit management.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of cockpit management by describing the:

________ (1) Proper Arranging And Securing Of Essential Materials And Equipment In The Cockpit

________ (2) Proper Use Of Materials And Equipment

________ (3) Proper And Orderly Maintenance Of Records That Reflect The Progress Of The Flight

________ (4) Proper Use and/or Adjustment Of Such Cockpit Items As Safety Belts, Shoulder Harnesses, Rudder Pedals, And Seats

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about cockpit management from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

 

Flight Lesson #3. ENGINE STARTING.

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding engine starting.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of engine starting, as appropriate to the airplane used for the practical test by describing:

________ (1) Safety Precautions Related To Engine Starting

________ (2) The Use Of External Power

________ (3) The Effect Of Atmospheric Conditions On Engine Starting

________ (4) The Importance Of Following The Appropriate Checklist

________ (5) The Adjustment Of Engine Controls During Engine Start

________ (6) The Prevention Of Airplane Movement During And After The Engine Start

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about engine starting from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

 

Flight Lesson #4. TAXIING

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding taxiing.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge by describing:

________ (1) Proper Brake Check And Correct Use Of Brakes

________ (2) The Compliance With Airport Surface Marking, Signals And Clearances

________ (3) How To Control Direction And Speed

________ (4) Control Positioning For Various Wind Conditions

________ (5) Techniques Used To Avoid Other Aircraft And Hazards

________ (6) The Application Of right-of-way Rules

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about taxiing from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

 

Flight Lesson #5. PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot regarding the pre-takeoff check.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of the pre-takeoff check by describing:

 

________ (1) Airplane Positioning To Avoid Creating Hazards

________ (2) Division Of Attention Inside And Outside The Cockpit

________ (3) The Importance Of Following Checklists, Responding To Items

________ (4) The Reasons For Ensuring Proper Engine Temperatures And Pressures For Runup And Takeoff

________ (5) The Method Used To Determine That The Airplane Is In A Safe Operating Condition

________ (6) The Importance Of Reviewing Takeoff Performance Airspeeds, Expected Takeoff Distances, And Emergency Procedures

________ (7) The Method Used For Assuring That The Takeoff Area Or Path Is Free Of Hazards

________ (8) Method For Assuring Adequate Clearance From Other Traffic

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about the pretakeoff check from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

AIRPORT AND TRAFFIC PATTERN OPERATIONS

REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; AIM; , FAA-S-8081-12A.

 

Flight Lesson #6. RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding radio communications and ATC light signals.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of radio communications and ATC light signals by describing the:

________ (1) Selection And Use Of Appropriate Radio Frequencies

________ (2) Recommended Procedure And Phraseology For Radio Voice Communications.

________ (3) Receipt, Acknowledgment Of And Compliance With ATC Clearances And Other Instructions

________ (4) Prescribed Procedure For Radio Communications Failure

________ (5) Interpretation Of, And Compliance With ATC Light Signals.

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about radio communications and ATC light signals from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

 

Flight Lesson #7. TRAFFIC PATTERNS

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding traffic pattern operations.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of traffic pattern operations by describing:

________ (1) Operations At Controlled And Uncontrolled Airports

________ (2) Adherence To Traffic Pattern Procedures, Instructions & Rules

________ (3) How To Maintain The Desired Ground Track

________ (4) How To Maintain Proper Spacing From Other Aircraft

________ (5) Orientation With The Runway Or Landing Area in Use

________ (6) How To Establish A Final Approach At An Appropriate Distance From The Approach End Of The Runway Or Landing Area

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about traffic pattern operations from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #8. AIRPORT & RUNWAY MARKINGS AND LIGHTING

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding airport and runway markings and lighting.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of airport and runway markings and lighting by describing:

________ (1) Identification And Proper Interpretation Of Airport, Runway, And Taxiway Markings

________ (2) Identification And Proper Interpretation Of Airport, Runway And Taxiway Lighting

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about airport and runway markings and lighting from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

 

TAKEOFFS AND CLIMBS

REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; , FAA-S-8081-12A; Pilot's Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.

Flight Lesson #9. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding normal and Crosswind takeoffs and climbs.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of normal and Crosswind takeoffs and climbs by demonstrating:

________ (1) How To Determine Or Estimate Wind Speed And Direction

________ (2) How To Determine Takeoff And Climb Performance

________ (3) Use Of Wing Flaps

________ (4) Alignment With Takeoff Path

________ (5) Initial Positioning Of Flight Controls

________ (6) Power Application

________ (7) Directional Control During Acceleration On The Surface

________ (8) Control Technique In A Crosswind, During Acceleration On The Surface

________ (9) Lift-Off Attitude And Airspeed

________(10) Climb Attitude, Power Setting And Airspeed

________(11) Crosswind Correction And Track During Climb

________(12) Use Of The Checklist

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about normal and Crosswind takeoffs and climbs from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #10. SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding maximum performance takeoffs and climbs.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of a short-field takeoff and climb by demonstrating:

________ (1) How To Determine Or Estimate Wind Speed And Direction

________ (2) How To Determine Expected Maximum Performance

________ (3) Takeoff And Climb Hazards, Particularly Those Related To Obstacles

________ (4) Use Of Wing Of Flaps

________ (5) How To Position And Align The Airplane For Maximum Utilization Of The Available Takeoff Area

________ (6) Initial Positioning Of Flight Controls

________ (7) Power Application

________ (8) Directional Control During Acceleration on The Surface

________ (9) Lift-Off Attitude And Airspeed

________(10) Initial Climb Attitude And Airspeed (Vx) Until Obstacle Is Cleared (50 feet above the surface.)

________(11) Track During Climb

________(12) Use Of The Checklist

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about short-field takeoffs and climbs from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #11. SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding soft-field takeoffs and climbs.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of a soft-field takeoff and climb by demonstrating:

________ (1) Factors Related To The Transfer Of Weight From The Wheels To The Wings As Rapidly As Possible

________ (2) Effect Of Wind On Takeoff Surface

________ (3) Use Of Wing Flaps

________ (4) How To Align The Airplane On The Takeoff Path Without Stopping

________ (5) Initial Positioning Of The Flight Controls

________ (6) Power Application

________ (7) Directional Control During Acceleration On The Surface

________ (8) Lift-Off Attitude And Airspeed

________ (9) Acceleration In Ground Effect To Climb Airspeed

________(10) Climb Attitude, Power Setting And Airspeed

________(11) Track During Climb

________(12) Use Of Checklist

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about soft-field takeoffs and climbs from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

FLIGHT AT CRITICALLY SLOW AIRSPEEDS

REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; , FAA-S-8081-12A; Pilot's Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.

Flight Lesson #12. POWER-ON STALLS

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding power on stalls in climbing flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of full stalls, power on and power off, by demonstrating:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Power-On Stalls

________ (2) How To Recognize The First Indications Of Power-On Stalls

________ (3) The Relationship Of Landing Gear And Flap Configuration, Weight, Center Of Gravity, Load Factor, And Bank Angle To Stall Speed

________ (4) Situations Where Unintentional Power-On Stalls May Occur

________ (5) The Performance Of Power-On Stalls in Climbing Flight (Straight Or Turning)

________ (6) The Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

________ (7) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (8) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate elements about power-on stalls from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #13. POWER-OFF STALLS

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding power off stalls in descending flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of power-off stalls, by demonstrating:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Power-Off Stalls

________ (2) How To Recognize The First Indications Of Power-Off Stalls

________ (3) The Relationship Of Landing Gear And Flap Configuration, Weight, Center Of Gravity, Load Factor, And Bank Angle To Stall Speed

________ (4) Situations Where Unintentional Power-Off Stalls May Occur

________ (5) The Performance Of Power-Off Stalls In Climbing Flight (Straight Or Turning)

________ (6) The Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

________ (7) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (8) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate elements about power-off stalls from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

 

Flight Lesson #14. CROSS-CONTROLLED STALLS

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding cross-controlled stalls.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of crossed-control stalls with the landing gear extended, by describing:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Crossed-Control Stalls

________ (2) The Recognition On Crossed-Control Stalls

________ (3) The Effects of Crossed-Control Stalls in Gliding or Reduced Airspeed Descending Turns

________ (4) Flight Situations Where Unintentional Crossed-Control Stalls May Occur

________ (5) The Hazards of Crossed-Controls in a Base Leg to Final Approach Turn

________ (6) The Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

________ (7) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (8) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about crossed-control stalls, from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #15. ELEVATOR TRIM STALLS

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding elevator trim stalls.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of elevator trim stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Elevator Trim Stalls

________ (2) The Recognition On Elevator Trim Stalls

________ (3) Hazards of Inadequate Control Pressures to Compensate for Thrust, Torque, and Up-Elevator Trim during Go-Arounds and other related maneuvers

________ (4) Flight Situations Where Elevator Trim Stalls Occur

________ (5) The Importance of Recovering from an Elevator Trim Stall Immediately upon Recognition

________ (6) Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

________ (7) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about elevator-trim stalls, from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #16. NIGHT OPERATIONS

 

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding night flight operations.

 

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of night flight operations by describing:

________ (1) Factors Related To Night Vision

________ (2) Disorientation And Night Optical Illusions

________ (3) The Importance Of Assuring That The Airplane's Windshield And Windows Are Clean

________ (4) The Proper Adjustment Of Interior Lights

________ (5) The Importance Of Having A Flashlight With A Red Lens

________ (6) The Night Preflight Inspection

________ (7) Engine Starting Procedures, Including The Use Of Position And Anti-Collision Lights Prior To Start

________ (8) Taxiing And Orientation On An Airport

________ (9) Takeoff And Climb-Out

________(10) Inflight Orientation

________(11) The Importance Of Verifying The Airplane's Attitude By Reference To Flight Instruments

________(12) Recovery From Critical Flight Attitudes

________(13) Emergencies (Electrical failure, engine malfunction, and emergency landings.)

________(14) Traffic Patterns

________(15) Approaches And Landings With And Without Landing Lights

________(16) Go-Arounds

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate specific elements about night flight operations, and how these elements relate to the increased skill level necessary to operate as a commercial pilot.

 

Flight Lesson #17. SECONDARY STALLS

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding secondary stalls.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of secondary stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Secondary Stalls

________ (2) Flight Situations Where Secondary Stalls Occur

 

________ (3) Hazards of Secondary Stalls during Normal Stall or Spin Recovery

 

________ (4) Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

 

________ (2) The Recognition Of a Secondary Stall

________ (7) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about secondary stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #18. SPINS

NOTE: INTENTIONALLY SPINNING OF AN AIRPLANE FOR WHICH THE SPIN MANEUVER IS NOT SPECIFICALLY APPROVED BY THE TYPE CERTIFICATE IS NOT AUTHORIZED.

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding spins.

CONTENT: Exhibit adequate commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of spins by describing or demonstrating:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Spins

________ (2) The Relationship Of Various Factors Such As Configuration, Weight, Center Of Gravity, And Control Coordination To Spins

________ (3) Flight Situations Where Unintentional Spins May Occur

________ (4) How To Recognize, And Recover From, Imminent, Unintentional Spins

________ (5) Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude For Intentional Spins

________ (6) Control Technique To Maintain A Stabilized Spin

________ (7) Orientation During A Spin

________ (8) The Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude For Intentional Spins

________ (8) Anxiety Factors Associated With Spin Instruction

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about spins from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #19. MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding maneuvering during slow flight.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of maneuvering at critically slow airspeed by demonstrating:

________ (1) The Relationship Of Configuration, Weight, Center Of Gravity, Maneuvering Loads, Angle Of Bank, And Power To Controllability

 

________ (2) The Relationship Of The Maneuver To Critical Flight Situations, Such As Go-Around

________ (3) The Performance Of The Maneuver In Various Landing Gear And Flap Configurations During Straight-And-Level Flight, Turns, Climbs, And Descents

 

________ (4) Specified Airspeed For The Maneuver

 

________ (5) Coordination Of Controls ________ (6) Trim Technique

 

________ (7) The re-establishment Of Cruise Flight

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about maneuvering during slow flight from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

NOTES:

PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS

REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; FAA-S-8081-12A.

 

Flight Lesson #20. STEEP TURNS

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding steep turns.

 

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of a steep turn by demonstrating:

 

________ (1) The Relationship Of Bank Angle, Load Factor, And Stalling Speed

 

________ (2) Over-Banking Tendency

________ (3) Torque Effect In Left And Right Turns

________ (4) The Selection Of A Suitable Altitude

________ (5) Orientation, Division Of Attention, And Planning

________ (6) Appropriate Power Setting And Airspeed Prior To Entry

________ (7) Entry And Roll-Out Technique

________ (8) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (9) Differential Wing Drag

________(10) Altitude, Bank And Power Control During The Turn

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about steep turns from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

Flight Lesson #21. CHANDELLES

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding chandelles.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of chandelles by demonstrating:

________ (1) The Selection Of A Suitable Entry Altitude

________ (2) Entry Airspeed And Power Setting

________ (3) Entry Technique Including Power Application

________ (4) Division Of Attention And Planning

________ (5) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (6) Pitch-And-Bank Attitudes At Various Points During The Maneuver

 

________ (7) The Proper Correction For Torque Effect In Right And Left Turns

 

________ (8) The Achievement Of Maximum Performance

 

________ (9) Completion Technique

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about chandelles from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

 

 

Flight Lesson #22. LAZY EIGHTS

OBJECTIVE: You will gain the knowledge and skill level of a commercial pilot and regarding lazy eight’s.

CONTENT: Demonstrate commercial pilot skills and exhibit commercial pilot knowledge of the elements of lazy eight’s by demonstrating:

________ (1) The Selection Of A Suitable Entry Altitude

________ (2) The Selection Of Suitable Reference Points

________ (3) Entry Airspeed And Power Setting

________ (4) Entry Technique

________ (5) Orientation, Division Of Attention And Planning

________ (6) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (7) Pitch-And-Bank Attitudes At Key Points During The Maneuver

________ (8) Consistent Airspeed And Altitude Control At Key Maneuver Points

________ (9) The Proper Correction For Torque Effect In Right And Left Turns

 

________(10) Loop Symmetry

________(11) The Importance Of Constant Rate Pitch-And-Bank Attitude Changes Throughout The Maneuver

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about lazy eight’s from a commercial pilot’s perspective.

Commercial Pilot Flight Training Lessons 23 - 40

Commercial Pilot