III. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT PREPARATION Index
NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: FAR Parts 43, 61, and 91; AC 61-21, AC 61-23; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to certificates and documents by describing:
1. Requirements for the issuance of pilot and flight
instructor certificates and ratings, and the privileges and
limitations of those certificates and ratings.
2. Class and duration of medical certificates.
3. Airworthiness and registration certificates.
4. Airplane handbooks and manuals.
5. Airplane maintenance requirements, tests, and records.
B. TASK: WEATHER INFORMATION (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 00-6, AC 00-45, AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 61-84.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to weather information by describing:
1. Importance of a thorough weather check.
2. Various means of obtaining weather information.
3. Use of weather reports, forecasts, and charts.
4. Use of PIREP's, SIGMET's, AIRMET's, and NOTAM's.
5. Recognition of aviation weather hazards to include wind shear.
6. Factors to be considered in making a "go/no-go"
decision.
C. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems, as applicable to the airplane used for the practical test, by describing:
1. Primary flight controls and trim.
2. Pitot static/vacuum system and associated instruments.
3. Landing gear.
4. Wing flaps, leading edge devices, and spoilers.
5. Powerplant, including controls, indicators, cooling, and fire
detection.
6. Propellers, including controls and indicators.
7. Fuel, oil, and hydraulic systems.
8. Electrical system.
9. Environmental system.
10. Deicing and anti-icing systems.
11. Avionics system.
12. Any system unique to the airplane flown.
D. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 61-84, AC 91-23; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to performance and limitations by describing:
1. Determination of weight and balance condition.
2. Use of performance charts, tables, and other data in
determining performance in various phases of flight.
3. Effects of exceeding limitations.
4. Effects of atmospheric conditions on performance.
5. Factors to be considered in determining that the required
performance is within the airplane's capabilities.
E. TASK: WATER AND SEAPLANE CHARACTERISTICS (ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Seaplane Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to water and seaplane characteristics by describing:
1. Characteristics of water surface as it is affected by such
factors as size of the water area, currents, debris, wind,
sandbars, islands, or shoals.
2. Seaplane float or hull construction and its relationship to
performance.
3. Causes of porpoising and skipping and pilot action necessary
to prevent or to correct those occurrences.
F. TASK: SEAPLANE BASES, RULES, AND AIDS TO MARINE NAVIGATION (ASES) Index
REFERENCES: FAR Part 91; AC 61-21; Rules of the Road; Aids to Marine Navigation.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to seaplane bases, rules, and aids to marine navigation by describing:
1. How to locate and identify seaplane bases on charts or in
directories.
2. Operating restrictions at various seaplane bases.
3. Right-of-way, steering, and sailing rules pertinent to
seaplane operation.
4. Purpose and identification of marine navigation aids such as
buoys, beacons, lights, and sound signals.
IV. AREA OF OPERATION: PREFLIGHT LESSON ON A MANEUVER TO BE PERFORMED IN FLIGHT Index
NOTE: Examiner will select at least one maneuver from AREAS OF OPERATION VII through XIV, and ask the applicant to present a preflight lesson on the selected maneuver as the lesson would be taught to a student.
TASK: MANEUVER LESSON (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21, AC 61-23; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual; Seaplane Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the selected maneuver by:
1. Stating the purpose.
2. Giving an accurate, comprehensive oral description, including
the elements and common errors.
3. Using instructional aids, as appropriate.
4. Describing the recognition, analysis, and correction of common
errors.
V. AREA OF OPERATION: GROUND AND WATER OPERATIONS Index
NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: VISUAL INSPECTION (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of a visual inspection, as applicable to the airplane used for the practical test, by describing -
(a) reasons for the visual inspection, items that should be
inspected, and how defects are detected.
(b) importance of using the appropriate checklist.
(c) how to determine fuel and oil quantity.
(d) methods used to determine fuel and oil contamination.
(e) detection of fuel, oil, and hydraulic leaks.
(f) inspection of the oxygen system, including supply and proper
operation.
(g) inspection of the flight controls and water rudder.
(h) detection of visible structural damage.
(i) removal of tie-downs, control locks, and wheel chocks.
(j) removal of ice and frost.
(k) importance of the proper loading and securing of baggage,
cargo, and equipment.
(l) use of sound judgment in determining whether the airplane is
in condition for safe flight.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to a visual inspection by describing -
(a) failure to use or the improper use of checklist.
(b) hazards which may result from allowing distractions to
interrupt a visual inspection.
(c) inability to recognize discrepancies.
(d) failure to assure servicing with the proper fuel and oil.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a visual
inspection from an instructional standpoint.
B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of cockpit management by describing -
(a) proper arranging and securing of essential materials and
equipment in the cockpit.
(b) proper and orderly maintenance of records that reflect the
progress of the flight.
(c) proper use and/or adjustment of such cockpit items as safety
belts, shoulder harnesses, rudder pedals, and seats.
(d) occupant briefing on emergency procedures and use of safety
belts.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to cockpit management by describing -
(a) failure to place and secure essential materials and
equipment for easy access during flight.
(b) failure to maintain accurate records essential to the
progress of the flight.
(c) improper adjustment of equipment and controls.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains cockpit management
from an instructional standpoint.
C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 91-13, AC 91-55; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of engine starting, as appropriate to the airplane used for the practical test, by describing -
(a) safety precautions related to starting.
(b) use of external power.
(c) effect of atmospheric conditions on starting.
(d) importance of following the appropriate checklist.
(e) adjustment of engine controls during start.
(f) prevention of airplane movement during and after start.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to engine starting by describing -
(a) failure to use or the improper use of the checklist.
(b) excessively high RPM after starting.
(c) improper preheat of the engine during severe cold weather
conditions.
(d) failure to assure proper clearance of the propeller.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains engine starting
from an instructional standpoint.
D. TASK: TAXIING - LANDPLANE (ASEL) Index
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of landplane taxiing by describing -
(a) proper brake check and correct use of brakes.
(b) compliance with airport surface marking, signals, and
clearances.
(c) how to control direction and speed.
(d) control positioning for various wind conditions.
(e) techniques used to avoid other aircraft and hazards.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to landplane taxiing by describing -
(a) improper use of brakes.
(b) improper positioning of the flight controls for various wind
conditions.
(c) hazards of taxiing too fast.
(d) failure to comply with markings, signals, or clearances.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains landplane taxiing
from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to
landplane taxiing.
E. TASK: TAXIING - SEAPLANE (ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Seaplane Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of seaplane taxiing by describing -
(a) wind effect.
(b) prevention of porpoising and skipping.
(c) selection of the most suitable course for taxiing, following
available marking aids.
(d) conditions where idle, plowing, and step taxiing are used.
(e) techniques for idle, plowing, and step taxiing.
(f) control positioning for various wind conditions.
(g) use of water rudders.
(h) techniques used to avoid other aircraft and hazards.
(i) techniques used to avoid excessive water spray into the
propeller.
(j) 180° and 360° turns in idle, plowing, and step positions.
(k) application of right-of-way rules.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to seaplane taxiing by describing -
(a) improper positioning of flight controls for various wind
conditions.
(b) improper control of speed and direction.
(c) failure to prevent porpoising and skipping.
(d) failure to use the most suitable course and available marking
aids.
(e) failure to use proper clearing procedures to avoid hazards.
(f) failure to apply right-of-way rules.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains seaplane taxiing
from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to
seaplane taxiing.
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Seaplane Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of sailing by describing -
(a) techniques used in sailing (engine idling or shut down, as
appropriate).
(b) conditions and situations where sailing would be used.
(c) selection of the most favorable course to follow.
(d) use of flight controls, flaps, doors, and water rudders to
follow the selected course.
(e) techniques used to change direction from downwind to
crosswind.
(f) control of speed.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to sailing by describing -
(a) failure to select the most favorable course to
destination.
(b) improper use of controls, flaps, and water rudders.
(c) improper technique when changing direction.
(d) improper technique for speed control.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains sailing from an
instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to
sailing.
G. TASK: PRETAKEOFF CHECK (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the pretakeoff check by describing -
(a) positioning the airplane with consideration for other
aircraft, surface conditions and wind.
(b) division of attention inside and outside the cockpit.
(c) importance of following the checklist and responding to each
checklist item.
(d) reasons for assuring suitable engine temperatures and
pressures for run-up and takeoff.
(e) method used to determine that airplane is in a safe operating
condition.
(f) importance of reviewing takeoff performance airspeeds,
expected takeoff distances, and emergency procedures.
(g) method used for assuring that the takeoff area or path is
free of hazards.
(h) method used for assuring adequate clearance from other
traffic.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to the pretakeoff check by describing -
(a) failure to use or the improper use of the checklist.
(b) improper positioning of the airplane.
(c) acceptance of marginal engine performance.
(d) an improper check of flight controls.
(e) hazards of failure to review takeoff and emergency
procedures.
(f) failure to check for hazards and other traffic.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains a pretakeoff check
from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to a
pretakeoff check.
VI. AREA OF OPERATION: AIRPORT OPERATIONS Index
NOTE: The examiner will select at least one TASK.
A. TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS AND ATC LIGHT SIGNALS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23; AIM; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of radio communications and ATC light signals by describing -
(a) selection and use of appropriate radio frequencies.
(b) recommended procedure and phraseology for radio voice
communications.
(c) receipt, acknowledgement of, and compliance with, ATC
clearances and other instructions.
(d) interpretation of, and compliance with, ATC light signals.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to radio communications and ATC light signals by describing -
(a) use of improper frequencies.
(b) improper procedure and phraseology when using radio voice
communications.
(c) failure to acknowledge, or properly comply with, ATC
clearances and other instructions.
(d) failure to understand, or to properly comply with, ATC light
signals.
B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21, AC 61-23; AIM; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of traffic patterns by describing -
(a) operations at controlled and uncontrolled airports and
seaplane bases.
(b) adherence to traffic pattern procedures, instructions, and
rules.
(c) how to maintain proper spacing from other traffic.
(d) how to maintain the desired ground track.
(e) wind shear and wake turbulence.
(f) orientation with the runway or landing area in use.
(g) how to establish a final approach at an appropriate distance
from the runway or landing area.
(h) use of checklist.
2. Exhibits instructional knowledge of common errors related to traffic patterns by describing -
(a) failure to comply with traffic pattern instructions,
procedures, and rules.
(b) improper correction for wind drift.
(c) inadequate spacing from other traffic.
(d) poor altitude or airspeed control.
3. Demonstrates and simultaneously explains traffic patterns
from an instructional standpoint.
4. Analyzes and corrects simulated common errors related to
traffic patterns.
C. TASK: AIRPORT AND RUNWAY MARKINGS AND LIGHTING (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23; AIM; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of airport and runway markings and lighting by describing:
1. Identification and proper interpretation of airport,
runway, and taxiway markings.
2. Identification and proper interpretation of airport, runway,
and taxiway lighting.