V. INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES Index
NOTE: TASKS B through F are not required if the applicant holds a private pilot or commercial pilot certificate and is seeking a type rating limited to VFR. If TASK D, Nonprecision Instrument Approach Procedures, is performed in a training device (other than an FTD or flight simulator) and the applicant has completed an approved training course for the airplane type involved, not more than one (1) of the required instrument procedures may be observed by a person qualified to act as an instructor or check airman under that approved training program. The instrument approaches are considered to begin when the airplane is over the initial approach fix for the procedure being used and end when the airplane touches down on the runway or when transition to a missed approach configuration is completed. Instrument conditions need NOT be simulated below the minimum altitude for the approach being accomplished.
A. TASK: Instrument ARRIVAL
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM, AIM; En Route Low/High Altitude Charts, Profile Descent Charts, STARs, Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of En Route Low and High Altitude Charts, STARs, Instrument Approach Charts, and related pilot and controller responsibilities.
2. Uses the current and appropriate navigation publications for the proposed flight.
3. Selects, and correctly identifies all instrument references, flight director and autopilot controls, and navigation and communications equipment associated with the arrival.
4. Performs the airplane checklist items appropriate to the arrival.
5. Establishes communications with ATC, using proper phraseology.
6. Complies, in a timely manner, with all ATC clearances, instructions, and restrictions.
7. Exhibits adequate knowledge of two-way communications failure procedures.
8. Intercepts, in a timely manner, all courses, radials, and bearings appropriate to the procedure, route, ATC clearance, or as directed by the examiner.
9. Adheres to airspeed restrictions and adjustments required by regulations, ATC, the pilot operating handbook, the AFM, or the examiner.
10. Establishes, where appropriate, a rate of descent consistent with the airplane operating characteristics and safety.
11. Maintains the appropriate airspeed/V-speed within ±10 knots, but not less than Vref, if applicable; heading ±10°; altitude within ±100 feet (30 meters); and accurately tracks radials, courses, and bearings.
12. Complies with the provisions of the Profile Descent, STAR, and other arrival procedures, as appropriate.
 
B. TASK: Holding
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM, AIM; En Route Low/High Altitude Charts, STARs, Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of holding procedures for standard and non-standard, published and non-published holding patterns. If appropriate, demonstrates adequate knowledge of holding endurance, including, but not necessarily limited to, fuel on board, fuel flow while holding, fuel required to alternate, etc.
2. Changes to the recommended holding airspeed appropriate for the airplane and holding altitude, so as to cross the holding fix at or below maximum holding airspeed.
3. Recognizes arrival at the clearance limit or holding fix.
4. Follows appropriate entry procedures for a standard, non-standard, published, or non-published holding pattern.
5. Complies with ATC reporting requirements.
6. Uses the proper timing criteria required by the holding altitude and ATC or examiner's instructions.
7. Complies with the holding pattern leg length when a DME distance is specified.
8. Uses the proper wind-drift correction techniques to maintain the desired radial, track, or bearing.
9. Arrives over the holding fix as close as possible to the "expect further clearance" time.
10. Maintains the appropriate airspeed/V-speed within ±10 knots, altitude within ±100 feet (30 meters), headings within ±10°; and accurately tracks radials, courses, and bearings.
 
C. TASK: PRECISION Instrument Approaches
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM, AIM; Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
NOTE: Two precision approaches, utilizing airplane NAVAID equipment for centerline and glideslope guidance, must be accomplished in simulated instrument conditions to 200 feet above the runway/touchdown zone elevation. At least one approach must be flown manually. The second approach may be flown via the autopilot, if appropriate, and if the 200-foot altitude does not violate the authorized minimum altitude for autopilot operation. Manually flown precision approaches may use raw data displays or may be flight director assisted, at the discretion of the examiner.
 
For multiengine airplanes at least one manually controlled precision approach must be accomplished with a simulated failure of one powerplant. The simulated powerplant failure should occur before initiating the final approach segment and must continue to touchdown or throughout the missed approach procedure.
 
As the markings on localizer/glide slope indicators vary, a one-quarter scale deflection of either the localizer, or glide slope indicator is when it is displaced one-fourth of the distance that it may be deflected from the on glide slope or on localizer position.
 
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the precision instrument approach procedures with all engines operating, and with one engine inoperative.
2. Accomplishes the appropriate precision instrument approaches as selected by the examiner.
3. Establishes two-way communications with ATC using the proper communications phraseology and techniques, either personally, or, if appropriate, directs co-pilot/safety pilot to do so, as required for the phase of flight or approach segment.
4. Complies, in a timely manner, with all clearances, instructions, and procedures.
5. Advises ATC anytime the applicant is unable to comply with a clearance.
6. Establishes the appropriate airplane configuration and airspeed/V-speed considering turbulence, wind shear, microburst conditions, or other meteorological and operating conditions.
7. Completes the airplane checklist items appropriate to the phase of flight or approach segment, including engine out approach and landing checklists, if appropriate.
8. Prior to beginning the final approach segment, maintains the desired altitude ±100 feet (30 meters), the desired airspeed within ±10 knots, the desired heading within ±5°; and accurately tracks radials, courses, and bearings.
9. Selects, tunes, identifies, and monitors the operational status of ground and airplane navigation equipment used for the approach.
10. Applies the necessary adjustments to the published Decision Height and visibility criteria for the airplane approach category as required, such as—
a. Notices to Airmen, including Flight Data Center Procedural NOTAMs.
b. inoperative airplane and ground navigation equipment.
c. inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment.
d. National Weather Service (NWS) reporting factors and criteria.
11. Establishes a predetermined rate of descent at the point where the electronic glide slope begins which approximates that required for the airplane to follow the glide slope.
12. Maintains a stabilized final approach, from the Final Approach Fix to Decision Height allowing no more han with no more than one-quarter scale deflection of either the glide slope or localizer indications and maintains the desired airspeed within ±5 knots.
13. A missed approach or transition to a landing shall be initiated at Decision Height.
14. Initiates immediately the missed approach when at the Decision Height, and the required visual references for the runway are not distinctly visible and identifiable.
15. Transitions to a normal landing approach only when the airplane is in a position from which a descent to a landing on the runway can be made at a normal rate of descent using normal maneuvering.
16. Maintains localizer and glide slope within one-quarter scale deflection of the indicators during the visual descent from Decision Height to a point over the runway where glide slope must be abandoned to accomplish a normal landing.
 
D. TASK: Nonprecision Instrument approaches
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM, AIM; Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
 
NOTE: The applicant must accomplish at least two nonprecision approaches. The examiner will select nonprecision approaches that are representative of that which the applicant is likely to use. The second nonprecision approach will utilize a navigational aid other than the one used for the first approach.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of nonprecision approach procedures representative of those the applicant is likely to use.
2. Accomplishes the nonprecision instrument approaches selected by the examiner.
3. Establishes two-way communications with ATC as appropriate to the phase of flight or approach segment and uses proper communications phraseology and techniques.
4. Complies with all clearances issued by ATC.
5. Advises ATC or the examiner any time the applicant is unable to comply with a clearance.
6. Establishes the appropriate airplane configuration and airspeed, and completes all applicable checklist items.
7. Maintains, prior to beginning the final approach segment, the desired altitude ±100 feet (30 meters), the desired airspeed ±10 knots, the desired heading ±5°; and accurately tracks radials, courses, and bearings.
8. Selects, tunes, identifies, and monitors the operational status of ground and airplane navigation equipment used for the approach.
9. Applies the necessary adjustments to the published Minimum Descent Altitude and visibility criteria for the airplane approach category when required, such as—
a. Notices to Airmen, including Flight Data Center Procedural NOTAMs.
b. inoperative airplane and ground navigation equipment.
c. inoperative visual aids associated with the landing environment.
d. National Weather Service (NWS) reporting factors and criteria.
10. Establishes a rate of descent that will ensure arrival at the Minimum Descent Altitude (at, or prior to reaching, the visual descent point (VDP), if published) with the airplane in a position from which a descent from MDA to a landing on the intended runway can be made at a normal rate using normal maneuvering.
11. Allows, while on the final approach segment, not more than quarter-scale deflection of the Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) or ±5° in the case of the RMI or bearing pointer, and maintains airspeed within ±5 knots of that desired.
12. Maintains the Minimum Descent Altitude, when reached, within –0, +50 feet (–0, +15 meters) to the missed approach point.
13. Executes the missed approach if the required visual references for the intended runway are not distinctly visible and identifiable at the missed approach point.
14. Executes a normal landing from a straight-in or circling approach when instructed by the examiner.
 
E. TASK: CIRCLING APPROACH
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM, AIM; Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of circling approach categories, speeds, and procedures to a specified runway.
2. Accomplishes the circling approach selected by the examiner.
3. Demonstrates sound judgment and knowledge of the airplane maneuvering capabilities throughout the circling approach.
4. Confirms the direction of traffic and adheres to all restrictions and instructions issued by ATC.
5. Descends at a rate that ensures arrival at the MDA at, or prior to, a point from which a normal circle-to-land maneuver can be accomplished.
6. Avoids descent below the appropriate circling Minimum Descent Altitude or exceeding the visibility criteria until in a position from which a descent to a normal landing can be made.
7. Maneuvers the airplane, after reaching the authorized circling approach altitude, by visual references to maintain a flightpath that permits a normal landing on a runway at least 90° from the final approach course.
8. Performs the procedure without excessive maneuvering and without exceeding the normal operating limits of the airplane (the angle of bank should not exceed 30°).
9. Maintains the desired altitude within –0, +100 feet (–0, +30 meters), heading/track within ±5°, the airspeed/V-speed within ±5 knots, but not less than the airspeed as specified in the pilot operating handbook or the AFM.
10. Uses the appropriate airplane configuration for normal and abnormal situations and procedures.
11. Turns in the appropriate direction, when a missed approach is dictated during the circling approach, and uses the correct procedure and airplane configuration.
12. Performs all procedures required for the circling approach and airplane control in a smooth, positive, and timely manner.
 
F. TASK: Missed Approach
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM, AIM; Instrument Approach Procedure Charts.
 
NOTE: The applicant must be required to perform at least two missed approaches with at least one missed approach from a precision approach (ILS, MLS, or GPS). A complete approved missed approach must be accomplished at least once. Additionally, in multiengine airplanes, a missed approach must be accomplished with one engine inoperative (or simulated inoperative). The engine failure may be experienced anytime prior to the initiation of the approach, during the approach, or during the transition to the missed approach attitude and configuration.
 
Going below the MDA or DH, as appropriate, prior to the initiation of the missed approach shall be considered unsatisfactory performance. However, satisfactory performance may be concluded if the missed approach is properly initiated at DH and the airplane descends below DH only because of the momentum of the airplane transitioning from a stabilized approach to a missed approach.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of missed approach procedures associated with standard instrument approaches.
2. Initiates the missed approach procedure promptly by the timely application of power, establishes the proper climb attitude, and reduces drag in accordance with the approved procedures.
3. Reports to ATC, beginning the missed approach procedure.
4. Complies with the appropriate missed approach procedure or ATC clearance.
5. Advises ATC any time the applicant is unable to maneuver the airplane to comply with a clearance.
6. Follows the recommended airplane checklist items appropriate to the go-around procedure for the airplane used.
7. Requests clearance, if appropriate, to the alternate airport, another approach, a holding fix, or as directed by the examiner.
8. Maintains the desired altitudes ±100 feet (30 meters), airspeed ±5 knots, heading ±5°; and accurately tracks courses, radials, and bearings.
 
VI. LANDINGS AND APPROACHES TO LANDINGS Index
NOTE: Notwithstanding the authorizations for the combining of maneuvers and for the waiver of maneuvers, the applicant must make at least three (3) actual landings (one to a full stop). These landings must include the types listed in this AREA OF OPERATION; however, more than one type may be combined where appropriate (i.e., crosswind and landing from a precision approach or landing with simulated powerplant failure, etc.). For all landings in airplanes, touchdown should be 500 to 3,000 feet (150 to 900 meters) past the runway threshold, not to exceed one-third of the runway length, with the runway centerline between the main gear.
A. TASK: Normal and Crosswind Approaches and Landings
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM.
 
NOTE: In an airplane with a single powerplant, unless the applicant holds a commercial pilot certificate, he/she must accomplish accuracy approaches and spot landings from an altitude of 1,000 feet (300 meters) or less, with the engine power lever in idle and 180° of change in direction. The airplane must touch the ground in a normal landing attitude beyond and within 200 feet (60 meters) of a designated line or point on the runway. At least one landing must be from a forward slip. Although circular approaches are acceptable, 180° approaches using two 90° turns with a straight base leg are preferred.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of normal and crosswind approaches and landings including recommended approach angles, airspeeds, V-speeds, configurations, performance limitations, wake turbulence, and safety factors (as appropriate to the airplane).
2. Establishes the approach and landing configuration appropriate for the runway and meteorological conditions, and adjusts the powerplant controls as required.
3. Maintains a ground track that ensures the desired traffic pattern will be flown, taking into account any obstructions and ATC or examiner instructions.
4. Verifies existing wind conditions, makes proper correction for drift, and maintains a precise ground track.
5. Maintains a stabilized approach and the desired airspeed/V-speed within ±5 knots.
6. Accomplishes a smooth, positively controlled transition from final approach to touchdown.
7. Maintains positive directional control and crosswind correction during the after-landing roll.
8. Uses spoilers, prop reverse, thrust reverse, wheel brakes, and other drag/braking devices, as appropriate, in such a manner to bring the airplane to a safe stop.
9. Completes the applicable after-landing checklist items in a timely manner and as recommended by the manufacturer.
B. TASK: Landing From A PRECISION Approach
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM, AIM.
 
NOTE: If circumstances beyond the control of the applicant prevent an actual landing, the examiner may accept an approach to a point where, in his/her judgment, a safe landing and a full stop could have been made. Where a simulator, approved for landing from a precison approach, is used, the approach may be continued through the landing and credit given for one of the landings required by this AREA OF OPERATION.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits awareness of landing in sequence from a precision approach.
2. Considers factors to be applied to the approach and landing such as displaced thresholds, meteorological conditions, NOTAMs, and ATC or examiner instructions.
3. Uses the airplane configuration and airspeed/V-speeds, as appropriate.
4. Maintains, during the final approach segment, glide slope and localizer indications within applicable standards of deviation, and the recommended airspeed/V-speed ±5 knots.
5. Applies gust/wind factors as recommended by the manufacturer, and takes into account meteorological phenomena such as wind shear, microburst, and other related safety of flight factors.
6. Accomplishes the appropriate checklist items.
7. Transition smoothly from simulated instrument meteorological conditions at a point designated by the examiner, maintaining positive airplane control.
8. Accomplishes a smooth, positively controlled transition from final approach to touchdown.
9. Maintains positive directional control and crosswind correction during the after-landing roll.
10. Uses spoilers, prop reverse, thrust reverse, wheel brakes, and other drag/braking devices, as appropriate, in such a manner to bring the airplane to a safe stop after landing.
11. Completes the after-landing checklist items in a timely manner and as recommended by the manufacturer.
C. TASK: Approach and Landing With (Simulated) Powerplant Failure—Multiengine Airplane
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM.
 
NOTE: In airplanes with three powerplants, the applicant shall follow a procedure (if approved) that approximates the loss of two powerplants, the center and one outboard powerplant. In other multiengine airplanes, the applicant shall follow a procedure which simulates the loss of 50 percent of available powerplants, the loss being simulated on one side of the airplane.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the flight characteristics and controllability associated with maneuvering to a landing with (a) powerplant(s) inoperative (or simulated inoperative) including the controllability factors associated with maneuvering, and the applicable emergency procedures.
2. Maintains positive airplane control. Establishes a bank of approximately 5°, if required, or as recommended by the manufacturer, to maintain coordinated flight, and properly trims for that condition.
3. Sets powerplant controls, reduces drag as necessary, correctly identifies and verifies the inoperative powerplant(s) after the failure (or simulated failure).
4. Maintains the operating powerplant(s) within acceptable operating limits.
5. Follows the prescribed airplane checklist, and verifies the procedures for securing the inoperative powerplant(s).
6. Proceeds toward the nearest suitable airport.
7. Maintains, prior to beginning the final approach segment, the desired altitude ±100 feet (30 meters), the desired airspeed ±10 knots, the desired heading ±5°; and accurately tracks courses, radials, and bearings.
8. Establishes the approach and landing configuration appropriate for the runway or landing area, and meteorological conditions; and adjusts the powerplant controls as required.
9. Maintains a stabilized approach and the desired airspeed/V-speed within ±5 knots.
10. Accomplishes a smooth, positively-controlled transition from final approach to touchdown.
11. Maintains positive directional control and crosswind corrections during the after-landing roll.
12. Uses spoilers, prop reverse, thrust reversers, wheel brakes and other drag/braking devices, as appropriate, in such a manner to bring the airplane to a safe stop after landing
13. Completes the after-landing checklist items in a timely manner, after clearing the runway, and as recommended by the manufacturer.
D. TASK: LANDING FROM A CIRCLING APPROACH
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-27; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM, AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of a landing from a circling approach.
2. Selects, and complies with, a circling approach procedure to a specified runway.
3. Considers the environmental, operational, and meteorological factors which affect a landing from a circling approach.
4. Confirms the direction of traffic and adheres to all restrictions and instructions issued by ATC.
5. Descends at a rate that ensures arrival at the MDA at, or prior to, a point from which a normal circle-to-land maneuver can be accomplished.
6. Avoids descent below the appropriate circling MDA or exceeding the visibility criteria until in a position from which a descent to a normal landing can be made.
7. Accomplishes the appropriate checklist items.
8. Maneuvers the airplane, after reaching the authorized circling approach altitude, by visual references, to maintain a flightpath that permits a normal landing on a runway at least 90° from the final approach course.
9. Performs the maneuver without excessive maneuvering and without exceeding the normal operating limits of the airplane. The angle of bank should not exceed 30°.
10. Maintains the desired altitude within +100, –0 feet (+30, –0 meters), heading within ±5°, and approach airspeed/V-speed within ±5.
11. Uses the appropriate airplane configuration for normal and abnormal situations and procedures.
12. Performs all procedures required for the circling approach and airplane control in a timely, smooth, and positive manner.
13. Accomplishes a smooth, positively controlled transition to final approach and touchdown.
14. Maintains positive directional control and crosswind correction during the after-landing roll.
15. Uses spoilers, prop reverse, thrust reverse, wheel brakes, and other drag/braking devices, as appropriate, in such a manner to bring the airplane to a safe stop.
16. Completes the after-landing checklist items, after clearing the runway, in a timely manner and as recommended by the manufacturer.
 
E. TASK: Rejected Landing
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM; FSB Report.
 
NOTE: The maneuver may be combined with instrument, circling, or missed approach procedures, but instrument conditions need not be simulated below 100 feet (30 meters) above the runway. This maneuver should be initiated approximately 50 feet (15 meters) above the runway and approximately over the runway threshold or as recommended by the FSB Report.
 
For those applicants seeking a VFR only type rating in an airplane not capable of instrument flight, for those cases where this maneuver is accomplished with a simulated engine failure, it should not be initiated at speeds or altitudes below that recommended in the pilot’s operating manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of a rejected landing procedure, including the conditions that dictate a rejected landing, the importance of a timely decision, the recommended airspeed/V-speeds, and also the applicable "clean-up" procedure.
2. Makes a timely decision to reject the landing for actual or simulated circumstances and makes appropriate notification when safety-of-flight is not an issue.
3. Applies the appropriate power setting for the flight condition and establishes a pitch attitude necessary to obtain the desired performance.
4. Retracts the wing flaps/drag devices and landing gear, if appropriate, in the correct sequence and at a safe altitude, establishes a positive rate of climb and the appropriate airspeed/V-speed within ±5 knots.
5. Trims the airplane as necessary, and maintains the proper ground track during the rejected landing procedure.
6. Accomplishes the appropriate checklist items in a timely manner in accordance with approved procedures.
 
F. TASK: LANDING FROM A ZERO OR NONSTANDARD FLAP APPROACH
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-21; FSB Report; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM.
 
NOTE: This maneuver need not be accomplished for a particular airplane type if the Administrator has determined that the probability of flap extension failure on that type airplane is extremely remote due to system design. The examiner must determine whether checking on slats only and partial-flap approaches are necessary for the practical test.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the factors which affect the flight characteristics of an airplane when full or partial flaps, leading edge flaps, and other similar devices become inoperative.
2. Uses the correct airspeeds/V-speeds for the approach and landing.
3. Maintains the proper airplane pitch attitude and flightpath for the configuration, gross weight, surface winds, and other applicable operational considerations.
4. Uses runway of sufficient length for the zero or nonstandard flap condition.
5. Maneuvers the airplane to a point where, in the opinion of the examiner, touchdown at an acceptable point on the runway and a safe landing to a full stop could be made.
6. If a landing is made, uses spoilers, prop reverse, thrust reverse, wheel brakes, and other drag/braking devices, as appropriate, in such a manner to bring the airplane to a safe stop.
 
VII. NORMAL AND ABNORMAL PROCEDURES Index
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Possesses adequate knowledge of the normal and abnormal procedures of the systems, subsystems, and devices relative to the airplane type (as may be determined by the examiner) knows immediate action items to accomplish, if appropriate, and proper checklist to accomplish or to call for, if appropriate.
2. Demonstrates the proper use of the airplane systems, subsystems, and devices (as may be determined by the examiner) appropriate to the airplane such as—
a. powerplant.
b. fuel system.
c. electrical system.
d. hydraulic system.
e. environmental and pressurization systems.
f. fire detection and extinguishing systems.
g. navigation and avionics systems.
h. automatic flight control system, electronic flight instrument system, and related subsystems.
i. flight control systems.
j. anti-ice and deice systems.
k. airplane and personal emergency equipment.
l. other systems, subsystems, and devices specific to the type airplane, including make, model, and series.
 
VIII. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Index
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Possesses adequate knowledge of the emergency procedures (as may be determined by the examiner) relating to the particular airplane type.
2. Demonstrates the proper emergency procedures (as must be determined by the examiner) relating to the particular airplane type, including—
a. emergency descent (maximum rate).
b. inflight fire and smoke removal.
c. rapid decompression.
d. emergency evacuation.
e. others (as may be required by the AFM)
 
3. Demonstrates the proper procedure for any other emergency outlined (as must be determined by the examiner) in the appropriate approved AFM.
 
 
IX. POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES Index
A. TASK: After Landing
REFERENCES: Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM.
 
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of safe after-landing/taxi procedures as appropriate.
2. Demonstrates proficiency by maintaining correct and positive control. In airplanes equipped with float devices, this includes water taxiing, approaching a buoy, and docking.
3. Maintains proper spacing on other aircraft, obstructions, and persons.
4. Accomplishes the applicable checklist items and performs the recommended procedures.
5. Maintains the desired track and speed.
6. Complies with instructions issued by ATC (or the examiner simulating ATC).
7. Observes runway hold lines, localizer and glide slope critical areas, and other surface control markings and lighting.
8. Maintains constant vigilance and airplane control during the taxi operation.
 
B. TASK: Parking and Securing
REFERENCES: Pilot's Operating Handbook, AFM.
 
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits adequate knowledge of the parking and the securing airplane procedures.
2. Applicant has adequate knowledge of the airplane forms/logs to record the flight time/discrepancies.

ATP PTS Index | Airline Transport Pilot