Practical Test Standards AIRPLANE MEL
Rating on a Private or Commercial Pilot Certificate
From FAA-S-8081-14 with Change 1 May, 1995 Copyright 1991, 1996 Aviation Safety Research
I. AREA OF OPERATION:
PREFLIGHT PREPARATION
A. TASK: CERTIFICATES AND DOCUMENTS Index
REFERENCES: FAR Parts 43, 61, 91; AC 61- 21, AC 61-23; Pilot's Operating Handbook,
FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to certificates and
documents by explaining the appropriate-
a. pilot certificate, privileges and limitations.
b. medical certificate, class and duration.
c. pilot logbook or flight record, required entries.
2. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to certificates and
documents by locating and explaining the-
a. airworthiness and registration certificates.
b. operating limitations, placards, instrument markings, handbooks, and/or manuals.
c. weight and balance data, including the equipment list.
d. airworthiness directives and compliance records, maintenance requirements, tests, and
appropriate records.
E. TASK: MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST
Index
REFERENCE: FAR Part 91.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to
the use of an approved Part 91 minimum equipment list by explaining:
1. Required instruments and equipment for day VFR and night VFR
flight.
2. Procedures for operating the airplane with inoperative instruments and equipment.
3. Requirements and procedures for obtaining a special flight permit.
II. AREA OF OPERATION:
PREFLIGHT PROCEDURES
A. TASK: PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to preflight
inspection. This shall include which items must be inspected, the reasons for checking
each item, and how to detect possible defects.
2. Inspects the airplane with reference to the checklist.
3. Verifies the airplane is in condition for safe flight.
B. TASK: COCKPIT MANAGEMENT Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to cockpit management
procedures.
2. Organizes material and equipment in a logical, efficient flow pattern.
3. Briefs passengers on the use of safety belts, shoulder harnesses, and emergency
procedures.
4. Utilizes all appropriate checklists.
C. TASK: ENGINE STARTING Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 91-13, AC 91-55; Pilot's Operating Handbook,
FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine starting.
This shall include the use of an external power source and starting under various
atmospheric conditions.
2. Positions the airplane properly considering open hangars, other aircraft, the safety of
nearby persons and property on the ramp, and surfaces conditions.
3. Accomplishes the correct starting procedure.
4. Completes the appropriate checklist.
D. TASK: TAXIING Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to safe taxi
procedures.
2. Positions the flight controls properly for the existing wind conditions.
3. Performs a brake check immediately after the airplane begins moving.
4. Controls direction and speed without excessive use of brakes.
5. Complies with airport markings, signals, and ATC clearances.
6. Avoids other aircraft and hazards.
7. Completes the appropriate checklist.
E. TASK: BEFORE TAKEOFF CHECK Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the before takeoff
check. This shall include the reasons for checking each item and how to detect
malfunctions.
2. Positions the airplane properly considering other aircraft, wind and surface
conditions.
3. Divides attention inside and outside the cockpit.
4. Ensures that engine temperatures and pressures are suitable for run-up and takeoff.
5. Accomplishes the before takeoff check and confirms that the airplane is in safe
operating condition.
6. Reviews takeoff performance airspeeds, takeoff distances, emergency procedures, and the
departure procedure.
7. Assures no conflict with traffic prior to taxiing into takeoff position.
8. Completes the appropriate checklist.
III. AREA OF OPERATION:
AIRPORT OPERATIONS
B. TASK: TRAFFIC PATTERNS Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to traffic patterns.
This shall include procedures at controlled and uncontrolled airports, runway incursion
and collision avoidance, wake turbulence avoidance, and wind shear.
2. Complies with traffic pattern procedures.
3. Maintains proper spacing from other traffic.
4. Establishes an appropriate distance from the runway.
5. Corrects for wind drift to maintain the proper ground track.
6. Maintains orientation with the runway in use.
7. Maintains traffic pattern altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters), and the appropriate
airspeed, ± 10 knots.
8. Completes the appropriate checklist.
IV. AREA OF OPERATION:
TAKEOFFS, LANDINGS, AND GO-AROUNDS
A. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB
Index
NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's knowledge of crosswind
elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and
crosswind takeoff and climb.
2. Positions the flight controls for the existing wind conditions; sets the flaps as
recommended.
3. Clears the area, taxies into the takeoff position and aligns the airplane on the runway
centerline.
4. Advances the throttle smoothly to takeoff power.
5. Rotates at the recommended airspeed, lifts off, accelerates to and establishes the
pitch attitude for VY and maintains VY, +10/-5 knots, during the climb.
6. Retracts the landing gear and flaps after a positive rate of climb is established.
7. Maintains takeoff power and best rate-of-climb airspeed to a safe maneuvering altitude,
then sets climb power and transitions to the recommended climb airspeed.
8. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the takeoff
and climb.
9. Complies with noise abatement procedures.
10. Completes the appropriate checklist.
B. TASK: NORMAL AND CROSSWIND APPROACH AND LANDING Index
NOTE: If a crosswind condition does not exist, the applicant's knowledge of crosswind
elements shall be evaluated through oral testing.
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a normal and
crosswind approach and landing.
2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface and obstructions, and selects the most
suitable touchdown point.
3. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, and
adjusts pitch attitude and power as required.
4. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, or in its
absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with gust factor applied.
5. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout and
touchdown.
6. Touches down smoothly at the approximate stalling speed, at or within 400 feet (120
meters) beyond a specified point, with no drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal axis
aligned with and over the runway centerline.
7. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and
landing.
8. Completes the appropriate checklist.
C. TASK: SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND
CLIMB Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
D. TASK: SHORT-FIELD APPROACH AND
LANDING Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a short-field
approach and landing.
2. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions, and selects the most
suitable touchdown point.
3. Establishes the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, and
adjusts pitch attitude and power as required.
4. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, or in its
absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots, with gust factor applied.
5. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout and
touchdown.
6. Touches down smoothly at the approximate stalling speed, at or within 200 feet (60
meters) beyond a specified point, with no side drift, and with the airplane's longitudinal
axis aligned with and over the runway centerline.
7. Applies brakes, as necessary, to stop in the shortest distance consistent with safety.
8. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and
landing.
9. Completes the appropriate checklist.
E. TASK: GO-AROUND Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a go-around.
2. Makes a timely decision to discontinue the approach to landing.
3. Applies takeoff power immediately and transitions to the climb pitch attitude for VY,
+10/-5 knots.
4. Retracts the flaps to the approach setting.
5. Retracts the landing gear after a positive rate of climb is established.
6. Maintains takeoff power and best rate-of-climb airspeed to a safe maneuvering altitude,
then sets power and transitions to the airspeed appropriate for the traffic pattern.
7. Maintains directional control and proper wind-drift correction throughout the climb.
8. Complies with noise abatement procedures, as appropriate.
9. Flies the appropriate traffic pattern.
10. Completes the appropriate checklist.
V. AREA OF OPERATION: Change 1
PERFORMANCE MANEUVERS 4/28/97
A. TASK: STEEP TURNS Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to steep turns.
2. Selects an altitude that will allow the task to be performed no lower than 3,000 feet
(920 meters) AGL.
3. Establishes the manufacturer's recommended airspeed or if one is not stated, the
examiner may designate a safe airspeed not to exceed VA.
4. Rolls into a coordinated 360° turn; maintains a 45° bank, ±5°; and rolls out on the
entry heading, ±10°.
5. Performs the task in the opposite direction, as specified by the examiner.
6. Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.
7. Maintains the entry altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters), and airspeed, ±10 knots.
NOTE: For applicants electing not to demonstrate competency in TASKS B, C, and D, multiengine privileges will be limited to VFR only.
If the applicant elects to demonstrate competency in TASKS B, C, and
D, but then demonstrates unsatisfactorily one or more of those TASKS, the applicant will
be issued a "Notice of Disapproval of Application" for the practical test. After
the flight test is initiated, the applicant shall not be permitted to revert to the
"VFR only" option.
B. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE
DURING FLIGHT (BY REFERENCE TO INSTRUMENTS) Index
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-21, AC 61-27; FAA-S-8081-4.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine failure
during flight by (reference to instruments).
2. Recognizes engine failure, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended emergency
procedure.
3. Sets the engine controls, reduces drag, and identifies and verifies the inoperative
engine after simulated engine failure.
4. Establishes the recommended best engine inoperative airspeed.
5. Banks toward the operative engine as required for best performance, trims the airplane,
and maintains control.
6. Attempts to determine the reason for the engine malfunction, if appropriate.
7. Simulates feathering the propeller of the inoperative engine.
8. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments as necessary.
9. Follows the checklist to verify procedures for securing the inoperative engine.
10. Demonstrates coordinated flight with one engine inoperative (propeller at zero
thrust), including-
a. straight-and-level flight.
b. turns in both directions.
c. descents to assigned altitudes.
d. climbs to assigned altitudes, if the airplane is capable of climbing under the existing
conditions.
11. Demonstrates engine restart in accordance with recommended
procedures and completes the checklist.
12. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters); the specified heading,
±10°; and the specified airspeed, ±10 knots.
13. Maintains the specified angle of bank, ±10°; rolls out on the specified heading,
±10°; and levels off from climbs and descents within ±100 feet (30 meters).
C. TASK: INSTRUMENT APPROACH - ALL ENGINES OPERATING
(BY REFERENCE TO INSTRUMENTS) Index
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-21, AC 61-27; FAA-S-8081-4.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to a published
instrument approach with all engines operating (by reference to instruments).
2. Displays efficient cockpit management procedures throughout the approach.
3. Sets up for the approach by tuning and identifying the correct navigation frequencies
and by selecting the correct course(s).
4. Communicates with the appropriate ATC facility and transmits using recommended
phraseology.
5. Complies with an actual or simulated ATC IFR clearance, ATC advisories and
instructions.
6. Maintains the specified altitude within ±100 feet (30 meters) and the specified
airspeed within ±10 knots, prior to reaching the final approach fix.
7. Establishes a rate of descent that will ensure arrival at the MDA or DH with the
airplane in a position from which descent to a landing on the intended runway can be made,
straight-in or circling.
8. Allows, while on the final approach course, no more than three-quarter-scale deflection
of the localizer and glideslope indications, nor more than 10° deflection (full scale
deflection) after intercepting the VOR or NDB final approach course.
9. Avoids descent below the MDA or exceeding the visibility criteria for the aircraft
approach category when circling.
10. Executes the published missed approach procedure at the missed approach point or
complies with instructions from ATC at the designated missed approach point.
11. Completes all appropriate checklists.
D. TASK: INSTRUMENT
APPROACH - ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE (BY REFERENCE TO INSTRUMENTS) Index
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-21, AC 61-27; FAA-S-8081-4.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
VIII. AREA OF OPERATION:
SLOW FLIGHT AND STALLS
A. TASK: MANUEVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT Index
REFERENCES: 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering during
slow flight.
2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 3,000
feet (920 meters) AGL or the recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
3. Stabilizes the airspeed at 10 knots, +10/-5 knots, above 1.2 VS1 or VMC, whichever is
greater.
4. Accomplishes coordinated straight-and-level flight and level turns, at bank angles and
in configurations, as specified by the examiner.
5. Accomplishes coordinated climbs and descents, straight and turning, at bank angles and
in configurations, as specified by the examiner.
6. Divides attention between airplane control and orientation.
7. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters); the specified heading,
±10°; and the specified airspeed, +10/-5 knots.
8. Maintains the specified angle of bank, not to exceed 30° in level flight, +0/-10°;
maintains the specified angle of bank, not to exceed 20° in climbing or descending
flight, +0/-10°; rolls out on the specified heading, ±10°; and levels off from climbs
and descents within ±100 feet (30 meters).
B. TASK: POWER-OFF STALLS Index
NOTE: No stall shall be performed with one engine throttled or inoperative and the other
engine(s) developing effective power.
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-67; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight
Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-off stalls.
This shall include an understanding of the aerodynamics of a stall which occurs as a
result of uncoordinated flight. Emphasis shall be placed upon recognition of and recovery
from a power-off stall.
2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 3,000
feet (920 meters) AGL or the recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
3. Establishes a stabilized approach in the approach or landing configuration, as
specified by the examiner.
4. Transitions smoothly from the approach or landing attitude to the pitch attitude that
will induce a stall.
5. Maintains a specified heading, ±10°, if in straight flight; maintains a specified
angle of bank not to exceed 30°,
+0/-10°, if in turning flight, while inducing the stall.
6. Recognizes and announces the first aerodynamic indications of the oncoming stall, i.e.,
buffeting or decay of control effectiveness.
7. Recovers promptly after a stall occurs by simultaneously decreasing the pitch attitude,
applying power, and leveling the wings to return to a straight-and-level flight attitude
with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the airplane.
8. Retracts the flaps to the recommended setting; retracts the landing gear, if
retractable, after a positive rate of climb is established; accelerates to VY before the
final flap retraction; returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the
examiner.
C. TASK: POWER-ON STALLS Index
NOTE: No stall shall be performed with one engine throttled or inoperative and the other
engine(s) developing effective power.
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-67; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight
Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to power-on stalls.
This shall include an understanding of the aerodynamics of a stall which occurs as a
result of uncoordinated flight. Emphasis shall be placed upon recognition of and recovery
from a power-on stall.
2. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 3,000
feet (920 meters) AGL or the recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
3. Establishes the takeoff or departure configuration, airspeed, and power as specified by
the examiner.
4. Transitions smoothly from the takeoff or departure attitude to the pitch attitude that
will induce a stall.
5. Maintains a specified heading, ±10°, if in straight flight; maintains a specified
angle of bank not to exceed 20°,
+0/-10°, if in turning flight, while inducing the stall.
6. Recognizes and announces the first aerodynamic indications of the oncoming stall, i.e.,
buffeting or decay of control effectiveness.
7. Recovers promptly after a stall occurs by simultaneously decreasing the pitch attitude,
applying power as appropriate, and leveling the wings to return to a straight-and-level
flight attitude with a minimum loss of altitude appropriate for the airplane.
8. Retracts the flaps to the recommended setting; retracts the landing gear after a
positive rate of climb is established; accelerates to VY before the final flap retraction;
returns to the altitude, heading, and airspeed specified by the examiner.
D. TASK: SPIN AWARENESS Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-67; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight
Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to
spin awareness by explaining:
1. Flight situations where unintentional spins may occur.
2. The technique used to recognize and recover from unintentional spins.
3. The recommended spin recovery procedure for the airplane used for the practical test.
X. AREA OF OPERATION: EMERGENCY OPERATIONS
A. TASK: EMERGENCY DESCENT Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an emergency
descent.
2. Recognizes the urgency of an emergency descent.
3. Establishes the recommended emergency descent configuration and airspeed, and maintains
that airspeed, ±5 knots.
4. Demonstrates orientation, division of attention, and proper planning.
5. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.
B. TASK: MANEUVERING WITH ONE
ENGINE INOPERATIVE Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
NOTE: The feathering of one propeller shall be demonstrated in multiengine airplanes
equipped with propellers which can be safely feathered and unfeathered in flight. An
appropriately equipped airplane shall be provided by the applicant. This shall be
performed at altitudes, in areas and from positions where safe landings on established
airports can be readily accomplished, in the event difficulty is encountered in
unfeathering and/or restarting. A propeller that cannot be unfeathered during the
practical test shall be treated as an emergency. At altitudes lower than 3,000 feet (920
meters) above the surface, simulated engine failure shall be performed by throttling the
engine back to idle and then establishing zero thrust.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to maneuvering with
one engine inoperative.
2. Recognizes engine failure, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended emergency
procedure.
3. Sets the engine controls, reduces drag, and identifies and verifies the inoperative
engine after simulated engine failure.
4. Establishes the recommended best engine inoperative airspeed.
5. Banks toward the operating engine as required for best performance, trims the airplane,
and maintains control.
6. Attempts to determine the reason for the engine malfunction, if appropriate.
7. Feathers the propeller of the inoperative engine.
8. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments as necessary.
9. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist to verify procedures for securing the
inoperative engine and turns toward the nearest suitable airport.
10. Demonstrates coordinated flight with one engine inoperative (propeller feathered),
including-
a. straight-and-level flight.
b. turns in both directions.
c. descents to assigned altitudes.
d. climbs to assigned altitudes, if the airplane is capable of climbing under the existing
conditions.
11. Divides attention between coordinated control, the flightpath,
and orientation.
12. Demonstrates engine restart in accordance with recommended procedures.
13. Maintains the specified altitude, ±100 feet (30 meters); the specified heading,
±10°; and the specified airspeed, ±10 knots.
14. Maintains the specified angle of bank, ±10°; rolls out on the specified heading,
±10°; and levels off from climbs and descents within ±100 feet (30 meters).
C. TASK: ENGINE INOPERATIVE-LOSS
OF DIRECTIONAL CONTROL DEMONSTRATION Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
NOTE: Airplanes with normally aspirated engines will lose power as altitude increases
because of the reduced density of the air entering the induction system of the engines.
This loss of power will result in a VMC lower than the stall speed at higher altitudes.
Also, some airplanes have such an effective rudder that even at sea level VMC is lower
than stall speed. For these airplanes, a demonstration of loss of directional control may
be safely conducted by limiting rudder travel to simulate maximum available rudder.
Limiting rudder travel should be accomplished at a speed well above the power-off stall
speed (approximately 20 knots). This will avoid the hazards of stalling one wing with
maximum allowable power applied to the engine on the other wing. In the event of any
indication of stall prior to loss of directional control, recover to the entry airspeed.
The demonstration should then be accomplished with the rudder travel limited at a higher
airspeed.
Do not perform this maneuver by increasing the pitch attitude to a high angle with both
engines operating and then reducing power on the critical engine. This technique is
hazardous and may result in loss of airplane control.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine inoperative
loss of directional control by explaining the-
a. meaning of the term "critical engine."
b. effects of density altitude on the VMC demonstration.
c. effects of airplane weight and center of gravity on control.
d. reasons for variations in VMC.
e. relationship of VMC to stall speed.
f. reasons for loss of directional control.
g. indications of loss of directional control.
h. importance of maintaining the proper pitch and bank attitude, and the proper
coordination of controls.
i. loss of directional control recovery procedure.
j. engine failure during takeoff including planning, decisions, and single-engine
operations.
2. Exhibits skills in performing an engine inoperative-loss of directional control
demonstration-
a. Selects an entry altitude that will allow the task to be completed no lower than 3,000
feet (920 meters) AGL or the manufacturer's recommended altitude, whichever is higher.
b. Configures the airplane at VSSE/VSSE as follows:
(1) Landing gear retracted.
(2) Flaps set for takeoff.
(3) Cowl flaps set for takeoff.
(4) Trim set for takeoff.
(5) Propellers set for high RPM.
(6) Power on the critical engine reduced to idle.
(7) Power on the operating engine set to takeoff or maximum available power.
c. Establishes a single engine climb attitude with the airspeed at
approximately 10 knots above VSSE.
d. Establishes a bank toward the operating engine, required for best performance.
e. Increases the pitch attitude slowly to reduce the airspeed, at approximately 1 knot per
second, while applying rudder to maintain directional control until full rudder is
applied.
f. Recognizes and announces the first indications of loss of directional control, stall
warning or buffet.
g. Recovers promptly by simultaneously reducing power sufficiently on the operating engine
while decreasing the angle of attack as necessary to regain airspeed and directional
control with a minimum loss of altitude. Recovery SHOULD NOT be attempted by increasing
the power on the simulated failed engine.
h. Recovers within 20° of the entry heading.
i. Accelerates to VXSE/VYSE, as appropriate, +10/-5 knots, during the recovery.
D. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE
DURING TAKEOFF BEFORE VMC (SIMULATED) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
NOTE: Engine failure shall be accomplished before reaching 50 percent of the calculated
VMC.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine failure on
takeoff before VMC.
2. Closes throttles smoothly and promptly after simulated engine failure.
3. Maintains directional control and applies braking as necessary.
E. TASK: ENGINE FAILURE
AFTER LIFT-OFF (SIMULATED) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine failure
after lift-off.
2. Recognizes engine failure promptly, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended
emergency procedure.
3. Reduces drag, identifies and verifies the inoperative engine after simulated engine
failure.
4. Simulates feathering the propeller of the inoperative engine.
5. Establishes VYSE; if obstructions are present, establishes VXSE or VMC, +10, whichever
is greater, until obstructions are cleared, then transitions to VYSE.
6. Banks toward the operating engine as required for best performance, trims the airplane
and maintains control.
7. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments as necessary.
8. Recognizes the airplane's performance capabilities. If a climb is not possible at VYSE,
maintains VYSE and returns to the departure airport for a landing or initiates an approach
to the most suitable landing area available.
9. Secures the inoperative engine, if appropriate.
10. Maintains heading, ±10°, and airspeed, +10/-5 knots.
11. Completes the appropriate emergency checklist.
F. TASK: APPROACH
AND LANDING WITH AN INOPERATIVE ENGINE (SIMULATED) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to an approach and
landing with an inoperative engine.
2. Recognizes engine failure, maintains control, and utilizes the recommended emergency
procedure.
3. Sets the engine controls, reduces drag, and identifies and verifies the inoperative
engine after simulated engine failure.
4. Simulates feathering the propeller of the inoperative engine.
5. Establishes the recommended best engine inoperative airspeed, +10/-5 knots.
6. Banks toward the operating engine as required for best performance, trims the airplane,
and maintains control.
7. Monitors the operating engine and makes adjustments as necessary.
8. Considers the wind conditions, landing surface, and obstructions, and selects the most
suitable touchdown point.
9. Establishes the recommended best engine inoperative approach landing configuration, and
airspeed.
10. Maintains a stabilized approach and the recommended approach airspeed, +10/-5 knots of
VYSE until landing is assured.
11. Makes smooth, timely, and correct control application during the roundout and
touchdown.
12. Touches down smoothly at or within 500 feet beyond a specified point, with no drift,
and with the airplane's longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway centerline.
13. Maintains crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and
landing.
14. Completes the appropriate emergency checklist.
G. TASK: SYSTEMS AND
EQUIPMENT MALFUNCTIONS Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to system and
equipment malfunctions appropriate to the airplane provided for the flight test.
2. Analyzes the situation and takes appropriate action for simulated emergencies, such as-
a. partial or complete power loss.
b. engine roughness or overheat.
c. carburetor or induction icing.
d. loss of oil pressure.
e. fuel starvation.
f. electrical system malfunction.
g. flight instruments malfunction.
h. landing gear or flap malfunction.
i. inoperative trim.
j. inadvertent door or window opening.
k. structural icing.
l. smoke/fire/engine compartment fire.
m. any other emergency appropriate to the airplane provided for the flight test.
3. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.
H. TASK: EMERGENCY
EQUIPMENT AND SURVIVAL GEAR Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to emergency equipment and survival gear
appropriate to the airplane provided for the flight test, by explaining-
a. location in the airplane
b. method of operation or use.
c. servicing requirements.
d. method of safe storage.
e. equipment and survival gear appropriate for operation in various climates and
topographical environments.
2. Follows the appropriate emergency checklist.
XI. AREA OF OPERATION:
MULTIENGINE OPERATIONS
A. TASK: PERFORMANCE AND LIMITATIONS Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 61-84, AC 91-23; Pilot's Operating Handbook,
FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to performance and
limitations by explaining the use of charts, tables, and data to determine performance and
the adverse effects of exceeding limitations.
2. Computes weight and balance, including adding, removing, and shifting weight.
Determines if the weight and center of gravity will remain within limits during all phases
of flight.
3. Demonstrates use of the appropriate performance charts, tables, and data including
takeoff, cruise, range, and endurance.
4. Calculates takeoff and climb performance, accelerate-stop and accelerate-go distances,
and service ceilings - all engines, single-engine.
5. Describes the effects of atmospheric conditions on the airplane's performance.
6. Determines whether the computed performance is within the airplane's capabilities and
operating limitations.
B. TASK: OPERATION OF SYSTEMS Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight
Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to the operation of systems appropriate to the airplane provided for the flight test by explaining at least three of the following :
C. TASK: ENGINE INOPERATIVE
PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; AC 61-23; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight
Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to engine inoperative principles of flight by explaining:
1. The meaning of the term "critical engine."
2. The reasons for variation in VMC, for loss of directional control and indications of
the approaching loss.
3. The relationship of VMC to stall speed, including a determination of whether a VMC
demonstration can be safely accomplished.
4. The effects of weight and center-of-gravity location.
5. The effects of density altitude.
6. Procedures for engine failure on takeoff prior to VMC, after liftoff, during cruise,
and on approach to land.
7. Procedures for engine shutdown, securing, and restart.
XII. AREA OF OPERATION:
NIGHT OPERATIONS
NOTE: If an applicant does not meet the aeronautical experience requirements of FAR
Section 61.109(a)(2), the applicant's certificate shall bear the limitation "Night
Flying Prohibited."
A. TASK: NIGHT PREPARATION Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 67-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane
Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits knowledge of the elements related to
night operations by explaining:
1. Physiological aspects of night flying including the effects of
changing light conditions, coping with illusions, and how the pilot's physical condition
affects visual acuity.
2. Lighting systems identifying airports, runways, taxiways and obstructions, and pilot
controlled lighting.
3. Airplane lighting systems.
4. Personal equipment essential for night flight.
5. Night orientation, navigation, and chart reading techniques.
6. Safety precautions and emergencies peculiar to night flying.
B. TASK: NIGHT FLIGHT Index
NOTE: The examiner shall orally evaluate element 1 and at least one of the elements, 2
through 6.
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 67-2; AIM; Pilot's Operating Handbook,
FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to night flight.
2. Inspects the interior and exterior of the airplane with emphasis on those items
essential for night flight.
3. Taxies and accomplishes the before takeoff check adhering to good operating practice
for night conditions.
4. Performs takeoffs and climbs with emphasis on visual references.
5. Navigates and maintains orientation under VFR conditions.
6. Approaches, lands, and taxies, adhering to good operating practices for night
conditions.
7. Completes all appropriate checklists.
XIII. AREA OF OPERATION: POSTFLIGHT PROCEDURES
A. TASK: AFTER LANDING Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to after-landing
procedures.
2. Taxies to the parking/refueling area using the proper wind control technique and
obstacle avoidance procedures.
3. Completes the appropriate checklist.
B. TASK: PARKING AND SECURING Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA- Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant:
1. Exhibits knowledge of the elements related to parking and
securing procedures. This shall include an understanding of parking hand signals and
deplaning passengers.
2. Parks the airplane properly, considering other aircraft and the safety of nearby
persons and property on the ramp.
3. Follows the recommended procedure for engine shutdown and securing the cockpit and the
airplane.
4. Performs a satisfactory postflight inspection.
5. Completes the appropriate checklist.
melpts.doc Rev. 12/15/97 8:32 PM