I. AREA OF OPERATION: FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING Index
NOTE: The examiner will select at least TASKS E and G.
A. TASK: THE LEARNING PROCESS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the learning process by describing:
1. The definition of learning.
2. Characteristics of learning.
3. Practical application of the laws of learning.
4. Factors involved in how people learn.
5. Recognition and proper use of the various levels of learning.
6. Principles that are applied in learning a skill.
7. Factors related to forgetting and retention.
8. How transfer of learning affects the learning process.
9. How the formation of habit patterns affects the learning
process.
B. TASK: THE TEACHING PROCESS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the teaching process by describing:
1. Preparation for a lesson or an instructional period.
2. Presentation of knowledge and skills, including the methods
which are suitable in particular situations.
3. Application, by the student, of the knowledge and skills
presented by the instructor.
4. Review of the material presented and the evaluation of student
performance and accomplishment.
C. TASK: TEACHING METHODS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of teaching methods by describing:
1. The organization of a lesson, i.e., introduction,
development, and conclusion.
2. The lecture method.
3. The guided discussion method.
4. The demonstration/performance method.
5. Programmed instruction.
6. Audio-visual instruction.
D. TASK: EVALUATION (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of evaluation by describing:
1. The purpose of evaluation.
2. Characteristics of effective oral questions.
3. Types of oral questions to avoid.
4. Responses to student questions.
5. Characteristics and development of effective written tests.
6. Characteristics and uses of performance tests, specifically,
the FAA practical test standards.
E. TASK: FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR CHARACTERISTICS AND RESPONSIBILITIES (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of flight instructor characteristics and responsibilities by describing:
1. Major considerations and qualifications which must be
included in flight instructor professionalism.
2. Role of the flight instructor in dealing with student stress,
anxiety, and psychological abnormalities.
3. Flight instructor's responsibility with regard to student
pilot supervision and surveillance.
4. Flight instructor's authority and responsibility for
endorsements and recommendations.
5. Flight instructor's responsibility in the conduct of the
required FAA flight review.
F. TASK: HUMAN FACTORS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to human factors by describing:
1. Control of human behavior.
2. Development of student potential.
3. Relationship of human needs to behavior and learning.
4. Relationship of defense mechanisms to student learning.
5. Relationship of defense mechanisms to pilot decision making.
6. General rules which a flight instructor should follow during
student training to ensure good human relations.
G. TASK: PLANNING INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITY (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCE: AC 60-14.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the planning of instructional activity by describing:
1. Development of a course of training.
2. Content and use of a training syllabus.
3. Purpose, characteristics, proper use, and items of a lesson
plan.
4. Flexibility features of a course of training, syllabus, and
lesson plan required to accommodate students with varying
backgrounds, levels of experience, and ability.
II. AREA OF OPERATION: TECHNICAL SUBJECT AREAS Index
NOTE: The examiner will select TASK P and at least one other TASK.
A. TASK: AEROMEDICAL FACTORS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 67-2; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to aeromedical factors by describing:
1. How to obtain an appropriate medical certificate.
2. How to obtain a medical certificate in the event of a possible
medical deficiency.1
3. Hypoxia, its symptoms, effects, and corrective action.
4. Hyperventilation, its symptoms, effects, and corrective
action.
5. Middle ear and sinus problems, their causes, effects, and
corrective action.
6. Spatial disorientation, its causes, effects, and corrective
action.
7. Motion sickness, its causes, effects, and corrective action.
8. Effects of alcohol and drugs, and their relationship to flight
safety.
9. Carbon monoxide poisoning, its symptoms, effects, and
corrective action.
10. Effect of nitrogen excesses during scuba dives and how this
affects pilots and passengers during flight.
11. Fatigue, its effects and corrective action.
1 The flight instructor should encourage a person considering flight training to obtain an appropriate medical certificate from an Aviation Medical Examiner before training is started. In the event a person's eligibility to hold a medical certificate is questionable, the flight instructor should be aware that some physical handicaps do not always prohibit activity as pilot of an aircraft. The flight instructor should advise such a person that assistance in obtaining a medical certificate is available through the cooperation of the medical examiner and the local FAA Flight Standards district office. However, this assistance is available only when requested specifically by the person seeking the medical certificate.
B. TASK: VISUAL SCANNING AND COLLISION AVOIDANCE (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 67-2, AC 90-48; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of visual scanning and collision avoidance by describing:
1. Relationship between a pilot's physical or mental condition
and vision.
2. Various environmental conditions that degrade vision.
3. Various optical illusions.
4. "See and avoid" concept.
5. Practice of "time sharing" of attention inside and
outside the cockpit.
6. Proper visual scanning technique.
7. Relationship between poor visual scanning habits and increased
collision risk.
8. Proper clearing procedures.
9. Importance of knowing aircraft blind spots.
10. Relationship between aircraft speed differential and
collision risk.
11. Situations which involve the greatest collision risk.
C. TASK: USE OF DISTRACTIONS DURING FLIGHT TRAINING (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCE: AC 61-92.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the use of distractions by describing:
1. Flight situations where pilot distraction is a cause factor
related to stall/spin accidents.
2. Selection of realistic distractions for specific flight
situations.
3. Relationship between division of attention and flight
instructor use of distractions.
4. Difference between proper use of distractions and harassment.
D. TASK: PRINCIPLES OF FLIGHT (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of principles of flight by describing:
1. Airplane and airfoil design characteristics.
2. Forces acting on an airplane in various flight maneuvers.
3. Airplane stability and controllability.
4. Torque effect and correction.
5. Structural integrity and velocity/load factor chart.
6. Wingtip vortices and precautions to be taken.
E. TASK: ELEVATORS, AILERONS, AND RUDDER (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the elevators, ailerons, and rudder by describing:
1. Purpose of each primary control.
2. Location, attachments, and system of control.
3. Direction of movement relative to airflow.
4. Effect on airplane control.
5. Proper technique for use.
F. TASK: TRIM DEVICES (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to trim devices by describing:
1. Purpose.
2. Location, attachments, and system of control.
3. Direction of movement relative to airflow and the primary
control surface.
4. Effect on airplane control.
5. Proper technique for use.
G. TASK: WING FLAPS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to wing flaps by describing:
1. Purpose.
2. Various types.
3. Location, attachments, and system of control.
4. Effect on airplane control.
5. Proper technique for use.
H. TASK: AIRPLANE WEIGHT AND BALANCE (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23, AC 91-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of airplane weight and balance by describing:
1. Weight and balance terms.
2. Effect of weight and balance on performance.
3. Methods of weight and balance control.
4. Determination of total weight and center of gravity and the
changes that occur when adding, removing, or shifting weight.
I. TASK: NAVIGATION AND FLIGHT PLANNING (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of navigation and flight planning by describing:
1. Terms used in navigation.
2. Features of aeronautical charts.
3. Importance of using the proper and current aeronautical
charts.
4. Identification of various types of airspace.
5. Method of plotting a course, selection of fuel stops and
alternates, and appropriate actions in the event of unforeseen
situations.
6. Fundamentals of pilotage and dead reckoning.
7. Fundamentals of radio navigation.
8. Diversion to an alternate.
9. Lost procedures.
10. Computation of fuel consumption.
11. Importance of preparing and properly using a flight log.
12. Importance of a weather check and the use of good judgment in
making a "go/no-go" decision.
13. Purpose of, and procedure used in, filing a flight plan.
J. TASK: NIGHT OPERATIONS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 61-21, AC 61-23; AIM; FAA-S-8081-1.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of night operations by describing:
1. Factors related to night vision.
2. Disorientation and night optical illusions.
3. Importance of assuring that windshield and windows are clean.
4. Proper adjustment of interior lights.
5. Importance of having a flashlight with a red lens.
6. Night preflight inspection.
7. Engine starting procedures, including use of position and
anticollision lights prior to start.
8. Taxiing and orientation on an airport.
9. Takeoff and climb-out.
10. Inflight orientation.
11. Importance of verifying the airplane's attitude by reference
to flight instruments.
12. Recovery from critical flight attitudes.
13. Emergencies such as electrical failure, engine malfunction,
and emergency landings.
14. Traffic patterns.
15. Approaches and landings with and without landing lights.
16. Go-arounds.
K. TASK: HIGH ALTITUDE OPERATIONS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: FAR Part 91; AC 61-107, AC 67-2; AIM; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of high altitude operations by describing:
1. Regulatory requirements for use of oxygen.
2. Physiological hazards associated with high altitude
operations.
3. Characteristics of a pressurized airplane and various types of
supplemental oxygen systems.
4. Importance of "aviators breathing oxygen."
5. Care and storage of high pressure oxygen bottles.
6. Problems associated with rapid decompression and corresponding
solutions.
L. TASK: FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: FAR Parts 61 and 91; NTSB Part 830.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to Federal Aviation Regulations by describing:
1. Availability and method of revision.
2. FAR Part 61, FAR Part 91, and NTSB Part 830 -
(a) purpose.
(b) general content.
M. TASK: USE OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENT LIST (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCE: FAR Section 91.213.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to the use of an approved minimum equipment list by describing:
1. Aircraft that require use of a minimum equipment list.
2. Airworthiness limitations imposed on aircraft operations with
inoperative instruments or equipment.
3. Requirements for letter of authorization from FAA district
office.
4. Supplemental type certificate.
5. Instrument and equipment exemptions.
6. Special flight permit
7. Procedures for deferring maintenance on aircraft without an
approved minimum equipment list.
N. TASK: PUBLICATIONS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: AC 00-2, AC 61-21, AC 61-23; AIM; Pilot's Operating Handbook, FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to flight information publications, advisory circulars, practical test standards, pilot operating handbooks, and FAA-approved airplane flight manuals by describing:
1. Availability.
2. Purpose.
3. General content.
O. TASK: NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: FAR Part 91; AIM.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements of the national airspace system by describing:
1. General dimension of airspace segments.
2. Operating limitations associated with uncontrolled,
controlled, special use, and other airspace.
P. TASK: LOGBOOK ENTRIES AND CERTIFICATE ENDORSEMENTS (ASEL and ASES) Index
REFERENCES: FAR Part 61; AC 61-21, AC 61-65.
Objective. To determine that the applicant exhibits instructional knowledge of the elements related to logbook entries and certificate endorsements by describing:
1. Required logbook entries for instruction given.
2. Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including
appropriate logbook entries.
3. Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test,
including appropriate logbook entry.
4. Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory
completion of the required FAA flight review.
5. Required flight instructor records.