TAKEOFFS AND CLIMBS

REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.

 

Lesson #37. NORMAL AND CROSSWIND TAKEOFF AND CLIMB Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding normal and Crosswind takeoffs and climbs.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of normal and Crosswind takeoffs and climbs by demonstrating, and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) How To Determine Or Estimate Wind Speed And Direction

________ (2) How To Determine Takeoff And Climb Performance

________ (3) Use Of Wing Flaps

________ (4) Alignment With Takeoff Path

________ (5) Initial Positioning Of Flight Controls

________ (6) Power Application

________ (7) Directional Control During Acceleration On The Surface

________ (8) Control Technique In A Crosswind, During Acceleration On The Surface

________ (9) Lift-Off Attitude And Airspeed

________(10) Climb Attitude, Power Setting And Airspeed

________(11) Crosswind Correction And Track During Climb

________(12) Use Of The Checklist

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Normal And Crosswind Takeoffs And Climbs By Describing:

________ (1) Improper Use Of Takeoff And Climb Performance Data

________ (2) Improper Initial Positioning Of Flight Controls Or Flaps

________ (3) Improper Power Application

________ (4) Inappropriate Removal Of The Hand From The Throttle

________ (5) Poor Directional Control

________ (6) Improper Use Of Aileron

________ (7) Improper Pitch Attitude During Lift-Off

________ (8) Failure To Establish And Maintain Proper Climb Configuration And Airspeed

________ (9) Drift During Climb

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about normal and Crosswind takeoffs and climbs from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make while learning or performing this operation.

 

 

Lesson #38. SHORT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding maximum performance takeoffs and climbs.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of a short-field takeoff and climb by demonstrating and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) How To Determine Or Estimate Wind Speed And Direction

________ (2) How To Determine Expected Maximum Performance

________ (3) Takeoff And Climb Hazards, Particularly Those Related To Obstacles

________ (4) Use Of Wing Of Flaps

________ (5) How To Position And Align The Airplane For Maximum Utilization Of The Available Takeoff Area

________ (6) Initial Positioning Of Flight Controls

________ (7) Power Application

________ (8) Directional Control During Acceleration on The Surface

________ (9) Lift-Off Attitude And Airspeed

________(10) Initial Climb Attitude And Airspeed (Vx) Until Obstacle Is Cleared (50 feet above the surface.)

________(11) Track During Climb

________(12) Use Of The Checklist

 

 

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Maximum Performance Takeoffs And Climbs By Describing:

________ (1) Improper Use Of Takeoff And Climb Performance Data

________ (2) Failure To Position The Airplane For Maximum Utilization Of The Available Takeoff Area

________ (3) Improper Initial Positioning Of The Flight Controls Or Wing Flaps

________ (4) Improper Power Application

________ (5) Inappropriate Removal Of The Hand From The Throttle

________ (6) Poor Directional Control

________ (7) Improper Use Of Brakes

________ (8) Improper Pitch Attitude During Lift-Off

________ (9) Failure To Establish And Maintain Proper Climb Configuration And Airspeed

________(10) Drift During Climb

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about short-field takeoffs and climbs from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make while learning or performing this operation.

 

 

Lesson #39. SOFT-FIELD TAKEOFF AND CLIMB Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding soft-field takeoffs and climbs.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of a soft-field takeoff and climb by demonstrating and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) Factors Related To The Transfer Of Weight From The Wheels To The Wings As Rapidly As Possible

________ (2) Effect Of Wind On Takeoff Surface

________ (3) Use Of Wing Flaps

________ (4) How To Align The Airplane On The Takeoff Path Without Stopping

________ (5) Initial Positioning Of The Flight Controls

________ (6) Power Application

________ (7) Directional Control During Acceleration On The Surface

________ (8) Lift-Off Attitude And Airspeed

________ (9) Acceleration In Ground Effect To Climb Airspeed

________(10) Climb Attitude, Power Setting And Airspeed

________(11) Track During Climb

________(12) Use Of Checklist

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To A Soft-Field Takeoff And Climb By Describing:

________ (1) Improper Initial Positioning Of The Wing Flaps Or Flight Controls

________ (2) The Hazards Of Allowing The Aircraft To Stop On The Takeoff Path Prior To Initiating Takeoff

________ (3) Improper Power Application

________ (4) Inappropriate Removal Of The Hand From The Throttle

________ (5) Poor Directional Control

________ (6) Improper Use Of Brakes

________ (7) Improper Pitch Attitude During Lift-Off

________ (8) The Hazards Of Settling Back To The Takeoff Surface After Becoming Airborne

________ (9) Failure To Establish And Maintain Proper Climb Configuration And Airspeed

________(10) Drift During Climb

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about soft-field takeoffs and climbs from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make while learning or performing this operation.

 

FUNDAMENTALS OF FLIGHT

REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21.

 

Lesson #40. STRAIGHT AND LEVEL FLIGHT Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding straight and level flight.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of straight-and-level flight by demonstrating and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) The Effect And Use Of Flight Controls

________ (2) The Integrated Flight Instruction Method

________ (3) The Outside And Instrument References Used For Pitch, Bank And Power Control; The cross-check And Interpretation Of Those References; And The Control Technique Used.

________ (4) Trim Technique

________ (5) Methods That Can Be Used To Overcome Tenseness And Over-Controlling

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Straight-And-Level Flight By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To cross-check And Correctly Interpret Outside And Instrument References

________ (2) The Application Of Control Movements Rather Than Pressures

________ (3) Poor Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (4) Improper Use Of Trim

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about straight-and-level flight from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make while learning or performing this operation.

 

 

Lesson #41. LEVEL TURNS Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding level turns.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of level turns by demonstrating and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) The Effect And Use Of Flight Controls

________ (2) The Integrated Flight Instruction Method

________ (3) The Outside And Instrument References Used For Pitch, Bank And Power Control; The cross-check And Interpretation Of Those References; And The Control Technique Used

________ (4) Trim Technique

________ (5) Methods That Can Be Used To Overcome Tenseness And Over-Controlling

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Level Turns By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To cross-check And Correctly Interpret Outside And Instrument References

________ (2) The Application Of Control Movements Rather Than Pressures

________ (3) Poor Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (4) Faulty Attitude And Bank Control

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about level turns from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make while learning or performing this operation.

 

 

Lesson #42. STRAIGHT CLIMBS AND CLIMBING TURNS Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding straight climbs and climbing turns.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of straight climbs and climbing turns by demonstrating and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) The Effect And Use Of Flight Controls

________ (2) The Integrated Flight Instruction Method

________ (3) The Outside And Instrument References Used For Pitch, Bank & Power Control; cross-check & Interpretation Of Those References; And The Control Technique Used

________ (4) Trim Technique

________ (5) Methods That Can Be Used To Overcome Tenseness And Over-Controlling

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Straight Climbs And Climbing Turns By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To cross-check And Correctly Interpret Outside And Instrument References

________ (2) The Application Of Control Movements Rather Than Pressures

________ (3) Poor Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (4) Improper Use Of Trim

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about straight climbs and climbing turns from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make while learning or performing this operation.

 

 

Lesson #43. STRAIGHT DESCENTS AND DESCENDING TURNS Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding straight descents and descending turns.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of straight descents and descending turns by demonstrating and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) The Effect And Use Of Flight Controls

________ (2) Purposes & Advantages Of Integrated Flight Instruction

________ (3) The Outside And Instrument References Used For Pitch, Bank & Power Control; cross-check & Interpretation Of Those References; And The Control Technique Used

________ (4) Trim Technique

________ (5) Methods Used To Overcome Tenseness And Over-Controlling

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Straight Descents And Descending Turns By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To cross-check And Correctly Interpret Outside And Instrument References

________ (2) The Application Of Control Movements Instead Of Pressures

________ (3) Poor Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (4) Improper Use Of Trim

________ (5) Failure To Clear Engine And Use Carburetor Heat

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about straight descents and descending turns from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make while learning or performing this operation.

 

FLIGHT AT CRITICALLY SLOW AIRSPEEDS

REFERENCES: AC 60-14, AC 61-21; FAA-S-8081-1, FAA-S-8081-2; Pilot's Operating Handbook or FAA-Approved Airplane Flight Manual.

 

Lesson #44. POWER-ON STALLS (PROFICIENCY) Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding power on stalls in climbing flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of full stalls, power on and power off, by demonstrating and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Power-On Stalls

________ (2) How To Recognize The First Indications Of Power-On Stalls

________ (3) The Relationship Of Landing Gear And Flap Configuration, Weight, Center Of Gravity, Load Factor, And Bank Angle To Stall Speed

________ (4) Situations Where Unintentional Power-On Stalls May Occur

________ (5) The Performance Of Power-On Stalls in Climbing Flight (Straight Or Turning)

________ (6) The Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

________ (7) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (8) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Full Stalls, Power On And Power Off By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To Establish The Specified Landing Gear And Flap Configuration Prior To Entry

________ (2) Improper Pitch, Heading, Or Bank Control During Straight Ahead Stalls

________ (3) Improper Pitch Or Bank Control During Turning Stalls

________ (4) Rough Or Uncoordinated Control Technique

________ (5) Failure To Achieve A Stall

________ (6) Poor Stall Recognition And Delayed Recovery

________ (7) Poor Correction For Torque In Full Stalls, Power On

________ (8) Excessive Altitude Loss Or Excessive Speed During Recovery

________ (9) Secondary Stall During Recovery

________(10) Rough Or Uncoordinated Control Technique

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate and simultaneously explain specific elements about power-on stalls from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make in learning or performing this operation.

 

 

Lesson #45. POWER-OFF STALLS (PROFICIENCY) Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding power off stalls in descending flight (straight or turning), with selected landing gear and flap configurations.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of power-off stalls, by demonstrating and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Power-Off Stalls

________ (2) How To Recognize The First Indications Of Power-Off Stalls

________ (3) The Relationship Of Landing Gear And Flap Configuration, Weight, Center Of Gravity, Load Factor, And Bank Angle To Stall Speed

________ (4) Situations Where Unintentional Power-Off Stalls May Occur

________ (5) The Performance Of Power-Off Stalls In Climbing Flight (Straight Or Turning)

________ (6) The Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

________ (7) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (8) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Power Off Stalls, in Descending Flight (Straight or Turning), With Selected Landing Gear And Flap Configurations, By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To Establish The Specified Landing Gear And Flap Configuration Prior To Entry

________ (2) Improper Pitch, Heading, Or Bank Control During Straight Ahead Stalls

________ (3) Improper Pitch Or Bank Control During Turning Stalls

________ (4) Rough Or Uncoordinated Control Technique

________ (5) Failure To Achieve A Stall

________ (6) Poor Stall Recognition And Delayed Recovery

________ (7) Failure to Recognize the First Indications of a Stall

________ (8) Excessive Altitude Loss Or Excessive Speed During Recovery

________ (9) Secondary Stall During Recovery

________(10) Rough Or Uncoordinated Control Technique

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate and simultaneously explain specific elements about power-off stalls from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make in learning or performing this operation.

 

 

 

Lesson #46. CROSS-CONTROLLED STALLS (DEMONSTRATION) Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding cross-controlled stalls.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of crossed-control stalls with the landing gear extended, by describing:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Crossed-Control Stalls

________ (2) The Recognition On Crossed-Control Stalls

________ (3) The Effects of Crossed-Control Stalls in Gliding or Reduced Airspeed Descending Turns

________ (4) Flight Situations Where Unintentional Crossed-Control Stalls May Occur

________ (5) The Hazards of Crossed-Controls in a Base Leg to Final Approach Turn

________ (6) The Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

________ (7) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (8) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Crossed-Control Stalls, with the Landing Gear Extended, By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To Establish Proper Configuration Prior To Entry

________ (2) Failure To Establish a Crosses-Control Turn and Stall Condition That Would Adequately Demonstrate The Hazards of a Crossed-Control Stall

________ (3) Improper Or Inadequate Demonstration of the Recognition of and Recovery from a Crossed-Control Stall

________ (4) Failure to Present Simulated Student Instruction that Adequately Emphasizes the Hazards of a Crossed-Control Condition in a Gliding or Reduced Airspeed Condition

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate and simultaneously explain specific elements about crossed-control stalls, from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make in learning or performing this operation in selected landing gear and flap configurations.

 

Lesson #47. ELEVATOR TRIM STALLS (DEMONSTRATION) Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding elevator trim stalls.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of elevator trim stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Elevator Trim Stalls

________ (2) The Recognition On Elevator Trim Stalls

________ (3) Hazards of Inadequate Control Pressures to Compensate for Thrust, Torque, and Up-Elevator Trim during Go-Arounds and other related maneuvers

________ (4) Flight Situations Where Elevator Trim Stalls Occur

________ (5) The Importance of Recovering from an Elevator Trim Stall Immediately upon Recognition

________ (6) Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

________ (7) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Elevator Trim Stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To Establish Selected Configuration Prior To Entry

________ (2) Failure To Establish the Thrust, Torque, and Up-Elevator Trim Conditions That Would Result in a Realistic Demonstration

________ (3) Improper Or Inadequate Demonstration of the Recognition of and Recovery from an Elevator Trim Stall

________ (4) Failure to Present Simulated Student Instruction that Adequately Emphasizes the Hazards of Poor Correction for Torque and Up-Elevator Trim during Go-Arounds and Other Maneuvers

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to demonstrate and simultaneously explain specific elements about elevator-trim stalls, from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make in learning or performing this operation in selected landing gear and flap configurations.

 

Lesson #48. SECONDARY STALLS (DEMONSTRATION) Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding secondary stalls.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of secondary stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations, by describing:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Secondary Stalls

________ (2) Flight Situations Where Secondary Stalls Occur

________ (3) Hazards of Secondary Stalls during Normal Stall or Spin Recovery

________ (4) Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude

________ (2) The Recognition Of a Secondary Stall

________ (7) Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Secondary Stalls, in Selected Landing Gear and Flap Configurations, By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To Establish Selected Configuration Prior To Entry

________ (2) Improper Or Inadequate Demonstration of the Recognition of and Recovery from a Secondary Stall

________ (3) Failure to Establish a Condition That would Cause a Secondary Stall to Occur

________ (4) Failure to Present Simulated Student Instruction that Adequately Emphasizes the Hazards of Poor Technique in Recovering From a Primary Stall

 

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about secondary stalls, in selected landing gear and flap configurations from an instructional standpoint and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make in learning or performing this operation.

 

Lesson #49. SPINS Index

NOTE: INTENTIONALLY SPINNING OF AN AIRPLANE FOR WHICH THE SPIN MANEUVER IS NOT SPECIFICALLY APPROVED BY THE TYPE CERTIFICATE IS NOT AUTHORIZED. At the discretion of the examiner conducting the test, a logbook record attesting to the spin competency of the applicant may be accepted in lieu of the demonstration. A logbook record shall be certified by the flight instructor who conducted the spin instruction.

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding spins.

CONTENT: Exhibit adequate instructional knowledge of the elements of spins by describing or simultaneously demonstrating and explaining:

________ (1) The Aerodynamics Of Spins

________ (2) The Relationship Of Various Factors Such As Configuration, Weight, Center Of Gravity, And Control Coordination To Spins

________ (3) Flight Situations Where Unintentional Spins May Occur

________ (4) How To Recognize, And Recover From, Imminent, Unintentional Spins

________ (5) Entry Technique And Minimum Entry Altitude For Intentional Spins

________ (6) Control Technique To Maintain A Stabilized Spin

________ (7) Orientation During A Spin

________ (8) The Recovery Technique And Minimum Recovery Altitude For Intentional Spins

________ (8) Anxiety Factors Associated With Spin Instruction

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Spins By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To Establish Proper Configuration Prior To Spin Entry

________ (2) Failure To Achieve And Maintain A Full Stall During Spin Entry

________ (3) Failure To Close Throttle When Spin Entry Is Achieved

________ (4) Failure To Recognize The Indications Of An Imminent, Unintentional Spin

________ (5) Improper Use Of Flight Controls During Spin Entry, Rotation, Or Recovery

________ (6) Disorientation During A Spin

________ (7) Failure To Distinguish Between A High-Speed Spiral And A Spin

________ (8) Excessive Speed Or Accelerated Stall During Recovery

________ (9) Failure To Recover With Minimum Loss Of Altitude

________(10) Hazards Of Attempting To Spin An Airplane Not Approved For Spins

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about spins from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make in learning or performing this operation.

 

 

Lesson #50. MANEUVERING DURING SLOW FLIGHT Index

OBJECTIVE: You will learn how to give instruction regarding maneuvering during slow flight.

CONTENT: Exhibit instructional knowledge of the elements of maneuvering at critically slow airspeed by demonstrating and simultaneously explaining:

________ (1) The Relationship Of Configuration, Weight, Center Of Gravity, Maneuvering Loads, Angle Of Bank, And Power To Controllability

________ (2) The Relationship Of The Maneuver To Critical Flight Situations, Such As Go-Around

________ (3) The Performance Of The Maneuver In Various Landing Gear And Flap Configurations During Straight-And-Level Flight, Turns, Climbs, And Descents

________ (4) Specified Airspeed For The Maneuver

________ (5) Coordination Of Flight Controls

________ (6) Trim Technique

________ (7) The re-establishment Of Cruise Flight

Exhibit Instructional Knowledge Of Common Errors Related To Maneuvering During Slow Flight By Describing:

________ (1) Failure To Establish Specified Configuration

________ (2) Improper Entry Technique

________ (3) Failure To Establish And Maintain The Specified Airspeed

________ (4) Excessive Variations Of Altitude, Heading, and Bank When A Constant Altitude, Heading, and Bank Are Specified

________ (5) Faulty Or Uncoordinated Control Technique

________ (6) Faulty Trim Technique

________ (7) Unintentional Stall

________ (8) Inappropriate Removal Of The Hand From The Throttle

COMPLETION STANDARDS: You will be able to explain specific elements about maneuvering during slow flight from an instructional standpoint, and correctly analyze and correct common errors that a student would make in learning or performing this operation .

Certified Flight Instructor