The strength of the vortex is governed by the weight, speed, and shape  of the wing of the generating aircraft. The vortex characteristics of  any given aircraft can also be changed by extension of flaps or other  wing configuring devices as well as by change in speed. However, as the  basic factor is weight, the vortex strength increases proportionately.  Peak vortex tangential speeds exceeding 300 feet per second have been  recorded.

Moves laterally over the ground at 2-3 Knots

6 miles when landing behind a heavy acft


icing +2 to -10cx

INFLIGHT WEATHER BROADCASTS Weather Advisory 
Broadcasts: ARTCCs broadcast a Severe Weather Forecast
area described is within 150 miles of the airspace


 Parallel approaches are an ATC procedure permitting parallel ILS/MLS  approaches to airports having parallel runways separated by at least  2,500 feet between centerlines. Integral parts of a total system are  ILS/MLS, radar, communications, ATC procedures, and required airborne  equipment.
When runway centerlines are more than 4,300 feet but no more than 9,000  feet apart a minimum of 2 miles diagonal radar separation is provided.  Aircraft on the same localizer/azimuth course within 10 miles of the  runway end are provided a minimum of 2.5 miles radar separation. In addition  a minimum of 1,000 feet vertical or a minimum of three miles radar separation  is provided between aircraft during turn on to the parallel final approach  course.
AIM 5-4-14  

Clearance bar lights are installed at holding positions on taxiways in order to increase the conspicuity of the holding position in low visibility. They may also be installed to indicate the location of:  
An intersecting taxiway.

a. The following reports should be made to ATC or FSS facilities without a specific ATC request:
		1. At all times:
			(a) When vacating any previously assigned altitude or flight level for a newly assigned altitude or flight level.
			(b) When an altitude change will be made if operating on a clearance specifying VFR-on-top.
			(c) When unable to climb/descend at a rate of at least 500 feet per minute.
			(d) When approach has been missed. (Request clearance for specific action; i.e., to alternative airport, another approach, etc.)
			(e) Change in the average true airspeed (at cruising altitude) when it varies by 5 percent or 10 knots (whichever is greater) from that filed in the flight plan.
			(f) The time and altitude or flight level upon reaching a holding fix or point to which cleared.
			(g) When leaving any assigned holding fix or point.


ILS PRM

The tower controller and the monitor controller will be broadcasting on both of the assigned frequencies. The monitor controller has the capability of overriding the tower controller. The pilots flying the approach will listen to both frequencies and only broadcast on the primary tower frequency. 


At cabin pressure altitudes above 15,000 feet, the periphery of the visual field grays out to a point where only central vision remains (tunnel vision). A blue coloration (cyanosis) of the fingernails and lips develops. The ability to take corrective and protective action is lost in 20 to 30 minutes at 18,000 feet and 5 to 12 minutes at 20,000 feet, followed soon thereafter by unconsciousness.


Ditching requires 500'


Pilots flying an "interchange" or "leased" aircraft not bearing the colors/markings of the company operating the aircraft should inform the terminal ATC facility on first contact the name of the operating company and trip number, followed by the company name as displayed on the aircraft, and aircraft type.


Pilots flying over unfamiliar routes are cautioned to be on the alert for these vagaries, and in particular, to use the "to/from" indicator to determine 

The ILS system may be divided functionally into three parts:
(a) Guidance information: localizer, glide slope,
(b) Range information: marker beacon, DME, and
(c) Visual information: approach lights, touchdown and centerline lights, runway lights.


Mile—A statute mile is 5,280 feet. A nautical mile is 6,076 feet.


When filing IFR it to the pilot's advantage to file a 
Preferred Route

4500 Spoken as Four Thousand Five Hundred

90%
 If you call ATC prior to entering Class C airspace and the controller responds with: "(aircraft call sign) standby," the pilot:  
  Can enter the Class C airspace.  

When receiving radar vectors or deviating because of weather along the route, it is recommended that the GPS be:  
  Operated in the auto-sequence mode.  
  Augmented by use of another navigation source.  
  Switched off until a new waypoint can be selected.  
  Placed in the nonsequencing mode.  

EXAM#2
95%
When calling a Flight Service Station from a location which is remote from the FSS, the pilot should be sure to:  
  Let the FSS know his location and over which frequency he is expecting a reply.  
  None of the answers is correct.